18 Questions
What happens to the pupils of both eyes when one eye is exposed to light?
Constriction of both pupils
What is the term for the reflex constriction of the pupil of the same eye exposed to light?
Direct reflex
What is the purpose of holding a torch away from the line of vision during the pupillary light reflex test?
To avoid stimulating the pupil prematurely
What is observed in a normal pupillary light reflex test?
Constriction of both pupils
Why is the pupillary light reflex test performed?
To assess the depth of anesthesia
What is the nerve responsible for transmitting the signal for pupillary constriction?
Facial nerve
What is the purpose of miosis in the accommodation reflex?
To avoid spherical and chromatic aberration, increase depth of focus, and bring the image on fovea centralis
What is observed in the pupil size during near vision with convergence of both eyes?
The pupils constrict
What is the minimum retinal distance required for visual acuity?
3
What is the purpose of the Landolt broken circle chart?
To measure the visual acuity of the eye
What is the minimum visual angle required for visual acuity?
Less than 1 minute
What is the purpose of accommodation in the accommodation reflex?
To increase the dioptric power of the lens and focus near objects on the retina
What is the purpose of standing 6 meters from the chart during a visual acuity test?
To avoid accommodation
What is the formula used to determine visual acuity?
V=d/D
What is the purpose of Weber's test?
To compare bone conduction in both ears
What is the sequence of tests used if a patient is unable to see at 1 meter?
Counting fingers, hand movement, perception of light
What is the distance at which the largest letter on the Snellen's chart is visible to the normal eye?
60 meters
What is the result of a visual acuity test if a patient can see marks up to the 18-meter level only?
6/18
Test your knowledge on respiration physiology, vision, and practical aspects of physiology, including dyspnea index, PEFR, and corneal reflex.
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