Introduction to Endocrine Physiology (Easy)

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What happens to glucagon secretion when blood glucose is low?

It decreases

It stops

It remains constant

It increases (correct)

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells in the pancreas when blood glucose is high?

Insulin (correct)

Growth hormone

Adrenaline

Glucagon

What is the role of the hypothalamus in negative feedback loops?

To secrete stimulating hormones

To regulate blood glucose levels

To secrete releasing hormones (correct)

To stimulate the target organ

What is the purpose of negative feedback loops in the endocrine system?

To shut off the response to a stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of physiologic response-driven negative feedback?

Blood glucose regulation of insulin secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a hormone that is lipid soluble?

It has an intracellular receptor. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of a carrier protein bound to a hormone?

To increase the hormone's half-life. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between endocrine glands and exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands produce hormones, while exocrine glands produce digestive enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a peptide hormone?

It is a large protein and has a receptor localized on the cell surface. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormone receptors?

They are always found in the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hormone receptors?

To respond to hormone signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the negative feedback loop that occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive hormones?

Hyperactive thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition in which the pituitary gland produces excessive TSH?

TSH-secreting pituitary tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition in which the hypothalamus produces excessive TRH?

TRH-secreting hypothalamic tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of positive feedback in the endocrine system?

An explosive or rapid event Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of estrogen in the LH surge during ovulation?

Positive feedback on the anterior pituitary Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of estrogen on LH secretion during ovulation?

Increased LH secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of multiple hormonal inputs in the endocrine system?

Additive or synergistic effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the release of an egg into the fallopian tube?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of communication in the endocrine system?

Wireless system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of chemical messenger used in the nervous system?

Neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

How does the speed of response differ between the nervous and endocrine systems?

The nervous system responds rapidly, while the endocrine system responds slowly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hormones in the endocrine system?

To coordinate activities that require long duration Signup and view all the answers

How does the duration of action differ between the nervous and endocrine systems?

The nervous system has a brief duration of action, while the endocrine system has a long duration of action Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of communication used by endocrine organs?

Hormone release into the circulating plasma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is NOT solely an endocrine organ?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of endocrine glands?

Wide dispersal and no structural relation Signup and view all the answers

Which system is exemplified by the reflexes that are elicited as the body's need arises?

Nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the compensatory mechanism of the endocrine system for lesser concentrations of hormones?

High affinity for target cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormones secreted by endocrine glands?

Biological actions on target cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of morphological features of endocrine glands?

Variable morphology and shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the endocrine and nervous systems?

The two systems are complementary Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the response time in the endocrine system?

Delayed response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs has a mixed function, producing hormones and performing other physiological functions?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of humoral stimuli?

To control the release of hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is affected by plasma glucose levels?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system component directly stimulates the secretion of oxytocin?

Suckling of the nipple and stretch of the cervix Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of negative feedback mechanisms?

To inhibit the original stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Which system influences hormone secretion by the adrenal medulla and other endocrine glands?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers