Physiology: Compartmental Organization of Animals and Humans

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What percentage of a young adult's body is composed of water?

50%

75%

90%

65% (correct)

Where is the intracellular compartment located?

Within the cells (correct)

In the transcellular fluid

In the interstitial fluid

Inside the blood vessels

What is the main function of the extracellular fluid?

To synthesize new cells

To store excess nutrients

To provide a stable internal environment for the cells (correct)

To transport oxygen to the cells

Where is the interstitial fluid present?

In all tissues except blood Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'Homeostasis'?

Walter B. Cannon Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of fluctuations around the desired value in homeostasis called?

Set point Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of feedback loop in physiology?

Negative feedback loop Signup and view all the answers

What is the set point for extracellular fluid (ECF) glucose concentration?

90 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released in response to high glucose concentrations to lower ECF glucose levels?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

In Type I diabetes mellitus, there is a lack of which pancreatic cells?

Beta cells Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose to raise blood glucose levels?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

Which type of extracellular chemical messenger is produced by endocrine glands and released into the blood plasma?

Hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which extracellular chemical messenger acts on adjacent or nearby cells and is produced by cells (NOT neurons or glands)?

Paracrines Signup and view all the answers

Which type of extracellular chemical messenger is produced by nerve cells and acts on nerves, glands, or muscles with a relatively rapid, local effect?

Neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

What do receptors for endogenous extracellular chemical messengers (ligands) bind to and activate?

Specific target proteins Signup and view all the answers

What cells are considered to be target cells for hormone receptors?

Liver, skeletal muscle, adipose & most cells except nerve cells, kidney cells & RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid composition in young adult men?

55-60% H2O Signup and view all the answers

Where is the transcellular fluid predominantly found?

In cavities like pleural fluid Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the extracellular compartment is made up of interstitial fluid?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'Homeostasis'?

Dr. Walter B. Cannon Signup and view all the answers

What does homeostasis mean in the context of internal environment?

Fluctuations around a specific value Signup and view all the answers

What does the extracellular fluid normally provide for the cells to grow and function?

Oxygen, CO2, pH, electrolytes, water, nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in response to high glucose concentrations?

Increasing glucose uptake from the extracellular fluid into intracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the lack of pancreatic β cells?

Type I diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels?

Activating fatty acid release into the extracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of extracellular chemical messenger?

Histamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of paracrines among extracellular chemical messengers?

Act on adjacent or nearby cells Signup and view all the answers

What do endogenous extracellular chemical messengers bind to and activate?

Target cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of histamine released locally in response to inflammation?

Eliminate the irritating agent Signup and view all the answers

Physiology: Compartmental Organization of Animals and Humans

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of a young adult's body is composed of water?

Where is the intracellular compartment located?

What is the main function of the extracellular fluid?

Where is the interstitial fluid present?

Who coined the term 'Homeostasis'?

What is the range of fluctuations around the desired value in homeostasis called?

What is the most common type of feedback loop in physiology?

What is the set point for extracellular fluid (ECF) glucose concentration?

Which hormone is released in response to high glucose concentrations to lower ECF glucose levels?

In Type I diabetes mellitus, there is a lack of which pancreatic cells?

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose to raise blood glucose levels?

Which type of extracellular chemical messenger is produced by endocrine glands and released into the blood plasma?

Which extracellular chemical messenger acts on adjacent or nearby cells and is produced by cells (NOT neurons or glands)?

Which type of extracellular chemical messenger is produced by nerve cells and acts on nerves, glands, or muscles with a relatively rapid, local effect?

What do receptors for endogenous extracellular chemical messengers (ligands) bind to and activate?

What cells are considered to be target cells for hormone receptors?

What is the fluid composition in young adult men?

Where is the transcellular fluid predominantly found?

What percentage of the extracellular compartment is made up of interstitial fluid?

Who coined the term 'Homeostasis'?

What does homeostasis mean in the context of internal environment?

What does the extracellular fluid normally provide for the cells to grow and function?

What is the primary function of insulin in response to high glucose concentrations?

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the lack of pancreatic β cells?

What is the primary function of glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels?

Which of the following is NOT a type of extracellular chemical messenger?

What is the main function of paracrines among extracellular chemical messengers?

What do endogenous extracellular chemical messengers bind to and activate?

What is the primary effect of histamine released locally in response to inflammation?

In cell-cell communication, which type of messenger acts on nerves, glands, or muscles with a relatively rapid, local effect?

What is the set point for extracellular fluid (ECF) glucose concentration?

What percentage of a young adult's body is composed of water?

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