Physiological and Pathological Adaptations: Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of removing the stimulus to excess growth in a pathological adaptation?

  • Regression (correct)
  • Metaplasia
  • Neoplastic change
  • Hypertrophy
  • What type of growth is characterized by an increase in the size of cells?

  • Hyperplasia
  • Neoplasia
  • Hypertrophy (correct)
  • Metaplasia
  • What is the term for a change in cell differentiation in response to environmental changes?

  • Hyperplasia
  • Hypertrophy
  • Metaplasia (correct)
  • Neoplasia
  • What is an example of a physiological adaptation that results in hyperplasia and hypertrophy?

    <p>Exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormal growth that carries an increased risk of neoplastic change?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a pathological adaptation that results in hyperplasia?

    <p>Endometrial hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of tumour cells extending into the surrounding tissues by breaching the basement membrane?

    <p>Invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a neoplasm that exhibits no evidence of differentiation with its tissue of origin?

    <p>Anaplastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an abnormal increase in the number of cells?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the degree of resemblance of malignant cells to the tissue of origin?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of poorly differentiated neoplasms?

    <p>They tend to be more invasive and more aggressive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe abnormal cell growth and division?

    <p>Neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix used to denote a malignant tumour of connective tissue origin?

    <p>-sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumour arises from glandular epithelium?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for tumours derived from the non-neural support tissues of the brain?

    <p>Gliomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for tumours of solid lymphoid tissue?

    <p>Lymphomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for tumours derived from cells of the neuroendocrine system?

    <p>Neuroendocrine tumours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for tumours of melanocytes?

    <p>Melanomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental alteration that occurs in metaplasia?

    <p>Transformation of stem cells into a different type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In response to chronic irritation, the normal columnar respiratory epithelium in the bronchi may be replaced by?

    <p>Squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the replacement of fibrous tissue with bone tissue in response to chronic trauma?

    <p>Osseous metaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the replacement of normal native squamous epithelium with gastric-type columnar epithelium in the esophagus?

    <p>Barrett's oesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the proliferation of cells that exhibit abnormal structural features due to defects in cell maturation?

    <p>Neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can metaplasia coexist with, in addition to hyperplasia?

    <p>Dysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a breast biopsy showing islands of monomorphic epithelial cells with foci of apoptosis surrounded by a continuous layer of epithelial cells?

    <p>Ductal carcinoma in situ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a benign tumor?

    <p>Fibroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely mechanism of spread of a high-grade serous carcinoma from the ovary to the liver?

    <p>Transcoelomic spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of malignant tumors that breaches the basement membrane?

    <p>Local invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that has the potential to become cancerous?

    <p>Neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the growth of cells that is not cancerous and does not invade surrounding tissues?

    <p>Benign tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

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