Physiological and Pathological Adaptations: Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of removing the stimulus to excess growth in a pathological adaptation?

  • Regression (correct)
  • Metaplasia
  • Neoplastic change
  • Hypertrophy

What type of growth is characterized by an increase in the size of cells?

  • Hyperplasia
  • Neoplasia
  • Hypertrophy (correct)
  • Metaplasia

What is the term for a change in cell differentiation in response to environmental changes?

  • Hyperplasia
  • Hypertrophy
  • Metaplasia (correct)
  • Neoplasia

What is an example of a physiological adaptation that results in hyperplasia and hypertrophy?

<p>Exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for abnormal growth that carries an increased risk of neoplastic change?

<p>Hyperplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a pathological adaptation that results in hyperplasia?

<p>Endometrial hyperplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of tumour cells extending into the surrounding tissues by breaching the basement membrane?

<p>Invasion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a neoplasm that exhibits no evidence of differentiation with its tissue of origin?

<p>Anaplastic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe an abnormal increase in the number of cells?

<p>Hyperplasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the degree of resemblance of malignant cells to the tissue of origin?

<p>Differentiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of poorly differentiated neoplasms?

<p>They tend to be more invasive and more aggressive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe abnormal cell growth and division?

<p>Neoplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suffix used to denote a malignant tumour of connective tissue origin?

<p>-sarcoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumour arises from glandular epithelium?

<p>Adenocarcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for tumours derived from the non-neural support tissues of the brain?

<p>Gliomas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for tumours of solid lymphoid tissue?

<p>Lymphomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for tumours derived from cells of the neuroendocrine system?

<p>Neuroendocrine tumours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for tumours of melanocytes?

<p>Melanomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental alteration that occurs in metaplasia?

<p>Transformation of stem cells into a different type (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In response to chronic irritation, the normal columnar respiratory epithelium in the bronchi may be replaced by?

<p>Squamous epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the replacement of fibrous tissue with bone tissue in response to chronic trauma?

<p>Osseous metaplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the replacement of normal native squamous epithelium with gastric-type columnar epithelium in the esophagus?

<p>Barrett's oesophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the proliferation of cells that exhibit abnormal structural features due to defects in cell maturation?

<p>Neoplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can metaplasia coexist with, in addition to hyperplasia?

<p>Dysplasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a breast biopsy showing islands of monomorphic epithelial cells with foci of apoptosis surrounded by a continuous layer of epithelial cells?

<p>Ductal carcinoma in situ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a benign tumor?

<p>Fibroma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely mechanism of spread of a high-grade serous carcinoma from the ovary to the liver?

<p>Transcoelomic spread (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of malignant tumors that breaches the basement membrane?

<p>Local invasion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that has the potential to become cancerous?

<p>Neoplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the growth of cells that is not cancerous and does not invade surrounding tissues?

<p>Benign tumor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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