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Questions and Answers
What are some physical properties of metals?
What are some physical properties of metals?
Typically shiny and lustrous, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, sonorous, and have high density and high melting and boiling points.
What is a key difference between the chemical properties of metals and non-metals?
What is a key difference between the chemical properties of metals and non-metals?
Metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions, while non-metals tend to gain electrons to form negative ions.
Which group of metals is known for being highly reactive?
Which group of metals is known for being highly reactive?
Alkali metals
What is a characteristic of non-metal oxides?
What is a characteristic of non-metal oxides?
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What are some examples of non-metal elements?
What are some examples of non-metal elements?
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What are metalloids, and what properties do they exhibit?
What are metalloids, and what properties do they exhibit?
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Study Notes
Physical Properties
Metals:
- Typically shiny and lustrous
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Malleable (can be shaped into thin sheets)
- Ductile (can be stretched into thin wires)
- Sonorous (produce a ringing sound when struck)
- High density
- Often have a high melting and boiling point
Non-Metals:
- Dull and non-lustrous
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Brittle (break or shatter when bent or stretched)
- Non-sonorous (do not produce a ringing sound when struck)
- Low density
- Often have a low melting and boiling point
Chemical Properties
Metals:
- Tend to lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)
- React with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- React with oxygen to form oxides
- Often react with water to produce hydroxides
Non-Metals:
- Tend to gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)
- Do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- React with oxygen to form oxides, but not as readily as metals
- Do not react with water to produce hydroxides
Examples
Metals:
- Alkali metals (e.g. sodium, potassium)
- Alkaline earth metals (e.g. magnesium, calcium)
- Transition metals (e.g. iron, copper)
- Noble metals (e.g. gold, silver)
Non-Metals:
- Noble gases (e.g. helium, neon)
- Halogens (e.g. chlorine, iodine)
- Carbon and its compounds (e.g. diamond, graphite)
- Nitrogen and its compounds (e.g. ammonia, nitric acid)
Note:
- Some elements, such as metalloids (e.g. silicon, germanium), exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals.
Physical Properties of Metals
- Metals are typically shiny and lustrous
- They are good conductors of heat and electricity
- Metals are malleable, meaning they can be shaped into thin sheets
- They are also ductile, meaning they can be stretched into thin wires
- Metals are sonorous, producing a ringing sound when struck
- They have high density and often have a high melting and boiling point
Physical Properties of Non-Metals
- Non-metals are dull and non-lustrous
- They are poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Non-metals are brittle, meaning they break or shatter when bent or stretched
- They are non-sonorous, not producing a ringing sound when struck
- Non-metals have low density and often have a low melting and boiling point
Chemical Properties of Metals
- Metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions (cations)
- They react with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- Metals react with oxygen to form oxides
- They often react with water to produce hydroxides
Chemical Properties of Non-Metals
- Non-metals tend to gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)
- They do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- Non-metals react with oxygen to form oxides, but not as readily as metals
- They do not react with water to produce hydroxides
Examples of Metals and Non-Metals
- Metals include alkali metals (e.g. sodium, potassium), alkaline earth metals (e.g. magnesium, calcium), transition metals (e.g. iron, copper), and noble metals (e.g. gold, silver)
- Non-metals include noble gases (e.g. helium, neon), halogens (e.g. chlorine, iodine), carbon and its compounds (e.g. diamond, graphite), and nitrogen and its compounds (e.g. ammonia, nitric acid)
Note
- Metalloids (e.g. silicon, germanium) exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals
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Description
Identify the characteristics of metals and non-metals, including their physical properties and behaviors.
