Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals Quiz

Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals:

• Typically shiny and lustrous
• Good conductors of electricity and heat
• Malleable (can be shaped into thin sheets)
• Ductile (can be stretched into thin wires)
• High density
• Generally high melting and boiling points
• Sonorous (produce a ringing sound when hit)

Non-Metals:

• Dull and brittle
• Poor conductors of electricity and heat
• Non-malleable and non-ductile
• Low density
• Generally low melting and boiling points
• Not sonorous

Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals:

• React with acids to produce hydrogen gas
• React with oxygen to produce metal oxides
• Can displace hydrogen from acids
• Can be oxidized (lose electrons)

Non-Metals:

• Do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas
• Do not react with oxygen to produce non-metal oxides
• Cannot displace hydrogen from acids
• Can be reduced (gain electrons)

Examples of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals:

• Alkali metals (e.g. sodium, potassium)
• Alkaline earth metals (e.g. magnesium, calcium)
• Transition metals (e.g. iron, copper)
• Lanthanides (e.g. lanthanum, cerium)
• Actinides (e.g. actinium, uranium)

Non-Metals:

• Noble gases (e.g. helium, neon)
• Halogens (e.g. chlorine, iodine)
• Chalcogens (e.g. oxygen, sulfur)
• Carbon and its allotropes (e.g. diamond, graphite)
• Nitrogen and phosphorus

Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

• Metals are typically shiny and lustrous, with a high density and high melting and boiling points.
• They are good conductors of electricity and heat, and can be shaped into thin sheets (malleable) and stretched into thin wires (ductile).
• Metals also produce a ringing sound when hit, known as sonorous.
• Non-metals, on the other hand, are dull and brittle, with a low density and low melting and boiling points.
• They are poor conductors of electricity and heat, and cannot be shaped or stretched like metals.
• Non-metals do not produce a ringing sound when hit.

Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

• Metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas, and with oxygen to produce metal oxides.
• They can displace hydrogen from acids and can be oxidized, meaning they lose electrons.
• Metals can also undergo combustion reactions.
• Non-metals do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas, and do not react with oxygen to produce non-metal oxides.
• They cannot displace hydrogen from acids and cannot be oxidized.
• Non-metals can undergo combustion reactions, but they tend to gain electrons instead of losing them.

Examples of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals

• Alkali metals, such as sodium and potassium, are highly reactive.
• Alkaline earth metals, such as magnesium and calcium, are less reactive than alkali metals.
• Transition metals, such as iron and copper, can form ions with different charges.
• Lanthanides and actinides are two series of metals with unique properties.

Non-Metals

• Noble gases, such as helium and neon, are unreactive and do not readily form compounds.
• Halogens, such as chlorine and iodine, are highly reactive and tend to gain electrons.
• Chalcogens, such as oxygen and sulfur, are important components of many biomolecules.
• Carbon and its allotropes, such as diamond and graphite, have unique properties and uses.
• Nitrogen and phosphorus are important elements in biomolecules and react differently with other elements.