Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals:

• Luster: Metals often have a shiny or reflective surface.
• Conductivity: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Malleability: Metals can be pounded into thin sheets or shapes.
• Ductility: Metals can be stretched into thin wires or shapes.
• Density: Metals tend to have high densities.
• Sonorous: Metals often produce a ringing sound when struck.

Non-Metals:

• Dull appearance: Non-metals tend to be dull and non-reflective.
• Poor conductivity: Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Brittleness: Non-metals are often brittle and cannot be pounded into thin sheets.
• Low density: Non-metals tend to have low densities.
• Non-sonorous: Non-metals do not produce a ringing sound when struck.

Periodic Table Classification of Metals and Non-Metals

• Metals: Typically found on the left side and center of the periodic table.
  • Alkali metals: Group 1 (e.g. Li, Na, K)
  • Alkaline earth metals: Group 2 (e.g. Mg, Ca, Sr)
  • Transition metals: Groups 3-12 (e.g. Fe, Cu, Ag)
  • Post-transition metals: Groups 13-15 (e.g. Al, Sn, Pb)
• Non-Metals: Typically found on the right side of the periodic table.
  • Halogens: Group 17 (e.g. F, Cl, Br)
  • Noble gases: Group 18 (e.g. He, Ne, Ar)
  • Other non-metals: Group 14-16 (e.g. C, N, O, P)
• Metalloids: Found on the border between metals and non-metals in the periodic table.
  • Examples: Si, Ge, As, Se, Te

Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

• Metals have a shiny or reflective surface, known as luster.
• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, meaning they can efficiently transfer energy.
• Metals can be pounded into thin sheets or shapes, making them malleable.
• Metals can be stretched into thin wires or shapes, making them ductile.
• Metals tend to have high densities, meaning they are heavy for their size.
• Metals often produce a ringing sound when struck, known as sonorous.

Physical Properties of Non-Metals

• Non-metals tend to have a dull, non-reflective appearance.
• Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, meaning they cannot efficiently transfer energy.
• Non-metals are often brittle and cannot be pounded into thin sheets.
• Non-metals tend to have low densities, meaning they are light for their size.
• Non-metals do not produce a ringing sound when struck, known as non-sonorous.

Periodic Table Classification of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals

• Found on the left side and center of the periodic table.
• Alkali metals are found in Group 1, examples include Li, Na, and K.
• Alkaline earth metals are found in Group 2, examples include Mg, Ca, and Sr.
• Transition metals are found in Groups 3-12, examples include Fe, Cu, and Ag.
• Post-transition metals are found in Groups 13-15, examples include Al, Sn, and Pb.

Non-Metals

• Found on the right side of the periodic table.
• Halogens are found in Group 17, examples include F, Cl, and Br.
• Noble gases are found in Group 18, examples include He, Ne, and Ar.
• Other non-metals are found in Groups 14-16, examples include C, N, O, and P.

Metalloids

• Found on the border between metals and non-metals in the periodic table.
• Examples include Si, Ge, As, Se, and Te.

This quiz covers the characteristics of metals and non-metals, including luster, conductivity, malleability, ductility, density, and sonorous properties. Understand the differences between metals and non-metals.