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Questions and Answers
What does circumstantial freedom emphasize?
What type of consequence is experienced immediately after a decision is made?
What does the concept of epiphenomenalism suggest?
Which philosophy asserts that human actions are freely chosen?
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What is meant by metaphysical freedom?
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Which statement about mind-and-body phenomena reflects parallelism?
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What does positive freedom allow individuals to do?
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Which statement best describes dualism in the context of freedom?
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What is meant by 'negative freedom'?
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What does hard determinism suggest about free will?
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Which theory states that free will and determinism can coexist?
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What concept bridges subjective experiences among individuals?
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What does the mind-body relationship highlight?
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Which of the following best describes the term 'self-determined'?
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What criticism might be raised against hard determinism?
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Which term describes the genuine dialogue and mutual respect between individuals?
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What does the I-IT mode of treating others signify?
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What is the primary focus of the Social Exchange Theory?
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Which characteristic is essential to Genuine Communication according to the content?
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What does Attachment Theory primarily focus on?
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What purpose does Hedonism attribute to life?
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Which statement best reflects the principles of Equity Theory?
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What does Monologue in communication typically represent?
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According to the content, what is the essence of Technical Communication?
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What is a key characteristic of an Agricultural Society?
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What does Nihilism fundamentally propose about life?
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Which of the following philosophies suggests that life may appear meaningless but encourages individuals to embrace the Absurd?
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What does the term 'Telos' refer to in ancient Greek philosophy?
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What does Taoism emphasize about the purpose of life?
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Physical suffering encompasses which of the following?
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Mental suffering, often referred to as mental anguish, is primarily associated with which aspect?
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Which statement best describes the concept of 'Terminus'?
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Study Notes
Freedom
- Freedom is the ability to make choices and live life according to values and desires without external control or coercion.
- Circumstantial Freedom: The ability and opportunity to perform an action of our choosing, free from external forces or obstacles.
- Metaphysical Freedom: The power of the self to choose among genuine alternatives, often described as "free will."
Mind-Body Problem
- Dualism: The belief that the mind and body are two distinct substances.
- Monism: The belief that everything in reality is ultimately one substance.
- Interactionism: The mind and body causally influence each other.
- Parallelism: Mental and bodily events are perfectly coordinated without causal interaction.
- Epiphenomenalism: Subjective mental states are an illusion; a physical action can cause a mental event, but not vice versa.
Types of Consequences
- Immediate Consequences: Experienced immediately after a decision or action.
- Delayed Consequences: The effects of a decision or action take time to be felt.
Views on Freedom & Moral Responsibility
- Libertarianism: Humans have free will and are self-determined, making them morally responsible for their actions.
- Hard Determinism: All events are caused by past events, meaning there is no free will.
- Compatibilism (Soft Determinism): Free will and determinism are compatible, meaning free will exists even if actions are determined.
Concept of Freedom
- Positive Freedom: The ability and opportunities to act upon one's choices, emphasizing personal empowerment and self-realization.
- Negative Freedom: The absence of external constraints or interference, allowing individuals to act as they choose without restrictions.
Intersubjectivity
- Intersubjectivity: Shared awareness and understanding among individuals, made possible by the awareness of the self and others.
Human Person in Society
- Social Exchange Theory: Relationships are terminated when costs outweigh the benefits.
- Attachment Theory: Individuals feel a sense of security when their “better half” or “significant other” is present.
- Uncertainty Reduction Theory: Identify traits of people over time to predict future interactions.
- Equity Theory: Concerns fairness in relationships beyond rewards.
Types of Human Relationships
- Exchange: A benefit is given with an expectation of a comparable benefit in return.
- Communal: A benefit is given in response to a previously received benefit.
Types of Society
- Agricultural Society: Relies on farming and domestication of crops.
- Industrial Society: Uses specialized machinery in the production of goods and services.
- Virtual Society: Characterized by advancements in communication technology and the internet.
The Human Person Oriented Towards Their Impending Death
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Western Philosophy:
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Theism: The purpose of life is to live according to the will of divine beings.
- Monotheism: Belief in one supreme god.
- Polytheism: Belief in many gods or deities.
- Hedonism: The purpose of life is to indulge in bodily and emotional pleasure.
- Existentialism: Individuals create meaning and essence in their own lives.
- Nihilism: Life is inherently meaningless, and there are no objective truths or values.
- Absurdism: Individuals should embrace the absurdity of life and continue living authentically.
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Theism: The purpose of life is to live according to the will of divine beings.
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Eastern Philosophy:
- Buddhism: Life is suffering; the cause of suffering are temptations. To end suffering is to escape reincarnation by living righteously.
- Taoism: The purpose of life is to live in harmony with the "Tao" (the way).
- Ikigai: A framework for living a fulfilling life.
Terms Related to Death
- Telos: (in Ancient Greek) means "goal, purpose, or fulfillment."
- Terminus: Means the full stop or end of a line; the end of life.
Types of Suffering
- Physical Suffering: Pain and discomfort associated with injury.
- Mental Suffering: Discomfort or distress of the mind, often resulting from physical pain or injury.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in the philosophy of freedom and the mind-body problem. It covers types of freedom such as circumstantial and metaphysical, along with various theories of mind-body interaction like dualism and monism. Test your understanding of these philosophical ideas and their implications on human choice and existence.