Freedom, Philosophy PDF

Freedom - The ability to the individual is still free to influence each other. A make your own choices make choices. mental event can cause a and live your life according physical action; a physical to your va...

Freedom - The ability to the individual is still free to influence each other. A make your own choices make choices. mental event can cause a and live your life according physical action; a physical to your values and desires Types of Consequences event can cause a mental without external control or Immediate -The event. coercion. aftermath is experienced PARALLELISM - Mental as soon as the decision or and bodily events are Circumstantial Freedom act has been made. perfectly coordinated, - The ability and Delayed - A number of without any causal opportunity to perform an our decision and actions interaction between them. action of our choosing. may take a while before Mind-and-body Freedom from external we can actually “savor” its phenomena are seen as forces, obstacles, and effect. two series of perfectly natural correlated events forces that restrict or Week 2 Freedom of the EPIPHENOMENALISM - compel our actions. Human Person Subjective mental states Mind-Body Problem (such as fear, hunger, and Metaphysical Freedom intentions) influence - Simply what is expressed physical events is an by “can”. The power of the illusion. A physical action self to choose among can cause mental events; genuine alternatives – free Monism a mental event can’t cause will. Dualism a physical action. Nature There is Everything Views on freedom and of an is Concept of Freedom Moral responsibility Reality existence ultimately Positive Freedom - Libertarianism - The of one The ability and two substance belief that human action distinct. opportunities are freely chosen. The substanc to act upon one’s own human person is es choices, emphasizing (the mind “self-determined”. We do and the personal empowerment have free will; we are body). and self-realization. morally responsible. Negative Freedom - Mind- The mind The mind Body and body is a Absence of external Hard Determinism - Relati are property or constraints or interference, onship distinct aspect of The belief that all events entities the allowing individuals to act are that physical as they choose without caused by past events interact. body. restrictions. such that nothing other Criticis How can How can a than ms two purely Week 3 Intersubjectivity what does occur could fundame physical Intersubjectivity - ntally entity can occur. We have no free will different give rise to shared awareness and every action and decision substanc subjective understanding among is predetermined. es can experience persons. Made possible by interact. s. the awareness of the self Compatibilism - Soft and other. determinism Mind-Body Relationship The belief that free will and INTERACTIONISM - The I and Thou determinism are The mind and body Relationship compatible ideas. Human causally I-Thou - Genuine actions are determined but dialogue and mutual respect. In this mode, need or to demonstrate a The evolution of the individuals engage with general concern for advances of science and each other as whole another. technology. beings, fostering deep connections. Theories about Society Virtual Society -Have I-IT - Treating others as Social Exchange higher educational objects or means to an Theory - Relationships are attainment The rise of end. In this mode, terminated whenever the communication technology individuals engage with costs outweigh the and internet. others based on utility, benefits. function, or external Degree of impartiality Week 5 Human Person as attributes. differs between Oriented Towards their relationships (being lavish Impending Death Martin Buber Dialogical or sparing). Communication Western Philosophy Genuine Attachment Theory - Theism - The purpose of Communication - Believes that people life is to live in accordance Supreme level of normally to the will of divine beings interpersonal feel when the “better half” such as gods and deities. communication. Most or a “significant others” is ○ Monotheism - belief on relevant qualities: present and will feel one supreme god. immediacy, mutuality, anxious if not around. ○ Polytheism - adoration sincerity, equality and of many gods/ deities. spiritual closeness of Uncertainty Reduction souls. Theory - Identify traits of Hedonism - The Technical people over time, gives purpose of life is for an Communication - you the chance to foretell individual to indulge in “Soulless dialogue” that type of character one bodily and emotional Builds up partnership has-whether a trust can be pleasure. rather than friendship. built or otherwise. Avoidance of pain and Monologue suffering. Communication - Occurs Equity Theory - only because of a person’s Concerned not only in Existentialism - The desire to confirm himself. terms of reward but more purpose of life for an The monologue only so in being fair. individual is to create creates an external image meaning and essence of of a Types of Society their own. friendly dialogue. Agricultural Society - Large scale and long Nihilism - “Nihil” means Week 4 Human Person in term-cultivation of crops “nothing” Society and domestication. Life is inherently Types of Human Improved technology and meaningless, and there Relationship use tools to aid in farming are no objective truths, Exchange- A benefit is values, or purposes. given with an expectation Industrial Society - of receiving a comparable Based on the use of Absurdism - Life may benefit in return or as a specialized machinery in seem meaningless but response to a previously the production of goods individuals should received benefit. and services. embrace the Absurd and Communal - A benefit is continue to live given in response to a authentically.  Telos - (in ancient Eastern Philosophy Greek) means “goal, Buddhism - Life is purpose, or fulfillment”. suffering; the cause of Death is not the goal of suffering are temptations. life. To end ones suffering is to Terminus - which escape reincarnation by means the full stop or end living righteously. of a line. For them, life ends and nothing follows. Ikigai - Not strictly for philosophy but also a framework for living a fulfilling life. Taoism - The purpose of life is to live in harmony with the Tao (the way); a go with the flow principle. Week 6 Human Person as Oriented Towards their Impending Death Life - Death - It is commonly understood as the end of the bodily functions which signals the end of a person’s life. It also refers to the separation of the body and the spirit. Types of suffering Physical - Physical suffering includes all the pain and discomfort associated with the injury, from all past, ongoing, and future treatment to loss of functioning or mobility. Mental - Also called “mental anguish”, mental suffering refers to discomfort, dysfunction, or distress of the mind; usually the kind that results from physical pain or injury. Self-Determination