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If a patient begins oral alendronate therapy, she will be advised to drink large amounts of water with the tablet and to remain upright for 30 minutes before her first meal of the day. These instructions are given to reduce the risk of
If a patient begins oral alendronate therapy, she will be advised to drink large amounts of water with the tablet and to remain upright for 30 minutes before her first meal of the day. These instructions are given to reduce the risk of
Albert is a 34 year old student with a history of IBS-C who developed persistent constipation after being placed on oxycodone for an acute neck injury. What medication might be most effective in treating both conditions?
Albert is a 34 year old student with a history of IBS-C who developed persistent constipation after being placed on oxycodone for an acute neck injury. What medication might be most effective in treating both conditions?
Which expectorant is a common ingredient in cold medicines
Which expectorant is a common ingredient in cold medicines
A 35-year-old man presents with waking in the middle of the night with shortness of breath up to 3 times a month, having to take frequent breaks during exercise for shortness of breath, and an inability to keep up with his friends while hiking on the weekends. He has a history of asthma. He uses high-dose budesonide and formoterol daily and inhaled albuterol as needed to manage his asthma symptoms. His symptoms are controlled during the day if he is not active. Vital signs are temperature 98 F (36.6 C), heart rate 80 bpm, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, and respiratory rate 17 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation 97% on room air. On physical examination, auscultation of his lungs reveals bilateral late expiratory wheezes. What changes should be made to his current asthma treatment?
A 35-year-old man presents with waking in the middle of the night with shortness of breath up to 3 times a month, having to take frequent breaks during exercise for shortness of breath, and an inability to keep up with his friends while hiking on the weekends. He has a history of asthma. He uses high-dose budesonide and formoterol daily and inhaled albuterol as needed to manage his asthma symptoms. His symptoms are controlled during the day if he is not active. Vital signs are temperature 98 F (36.6 C), heart rate 80 bpm, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, and respiratory rate 17 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation 97% on room air. On physical examination, auscultation of his lungs reveals bilateral late expiratory wheezes. What changes should be made to his current asthma treatment?
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A 26-year-old woman comes to the clinic with complaints of tachycardia and easy fatigue. Laboratory tests show hemoglobin 9.0 g/dl and microcytes. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy
A 26-year-old woman comes to the clinic with complaints of tachycardia and easy fatigue. Laboratory tests show hemoglobin 9.0 g/dl and microcytes. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy
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Which drug is available in generic form?
Which drug is available in generic form?
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A 60-year-old man presents with a severe headache for the past 2 hours associated with vomiting. The physical examination does not show any neurological deficits. A head CT shows a hyperdensity in the left Sylvian fissure. Which of the following drugs is approved to reduce the incidence and severity of ischemic deficits?
A 60-year-old man presents with a severe headache for the past 2 hours associated with vomiting. The physical examination does not show any neurological deficits. A head CT shows a hyperdensity in the left Sylvian fissure. Which of the following drugs is approved to reduce the incidence and severity of ischemic deficits?
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A patient has been prescribed captopril to treat his hypertension. He has complained of a dry cough that has been persistent ever since he started his therapy. What medication is the next alternative for this patient that also acts on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and will have a less likelihood of a cough?
A patient has been prescribed captopril to treat his hypertension. He has complained of a dry cough that has been persistent ever since he started his therapy. What medication is the next alternative for this patient that also acts on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and will have a less likelihood of a cough?
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A 66-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus is found to have abnormal laboratory evaluation including low hematocrit and an elevated mean corpuscular volume. Blood tests also reveal elevated methylmalonic acid and homocysteine. The patient is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, and the provider prescribed cobalamine therapy. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities may present as adverse effects during therapy in this patient?
A 66-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus is found to have abnormal laboratory evaluation including low hematocrit and an elevated mean corpuscular volume. Blood tests also reveal elevated methylmalonic acid and homocysteine. The patient is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, and the provider prescribed cobalamine therapy. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities may present as adverse effects during therapy in this patient?
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Acts on the collecting duct and can block reabsorption of only 3% of filtered sodium.
Acts on the collecting duct and can block reabsorption of only 3% of filtered sodium.
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A young patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with a severe lower respiratory tract infection and was prescribed aztreonam. What is the recommended dose of aztreonam
A young patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with a severe lower respiratory tract infection and was prescribed aztreonam. What is the recommended dose of aztreonam
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Researchers in the lab are trying to synthesize new antibiotics that target the most common rifampicin-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They are aiming to design inhibitors that target a different subunit of RNA polymerase. Which RNA polymerase subunits do rifampicin-resistant strains target?
Researchers in the lab are trying to synthesize new antibiotics that target the most common rifampicin-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They are aiming to design inhibitors that target a different subunit of RNA polymerase. Which RNA polymerase subunits do rifampicin-resistant strains target?
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A hospitalized AIDS patient receives antiretroviral therapy but not antimicrobial prophylaxis. He developed sepsis with high fever and a gram-negative bacilli infection was suspected. Antimicrobial therapy in this severely immunocompromised patient should NOT be initiated until
A hospitalized AIDS patient receives antiretroviral therapy but not antimicrobial prophylaxis. He developed sepsis with high fever and a gram-negative bacilli infection was suspected. Antimicrobial therapy in this severely immunocompromised patient should NOT be initiated until
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A 30-year-old woman with HIV is being treated with a HAART regimen that includes two NRTIs plus lopinavir. During her most recent medical appointment she mentions that she has begun taking an herbal supplement that makes her feel better and "less depressed" about her health status. What should this patient be cautioned about with regards to the potential impact of combining the use of a herbal supplement with her HAART therapy?
A 30-year-old woman with HIV is being treated with a HAART regimen that includes two NRTIs plus lopinavir. During her most recent medical appointment she mentions that she has begun taking an herbal supplement that makes her feel better and "less depressed" about her health status. What should this patient be cautioned about with regards to the potential impact of combining the use of a herbal supplement with her HAART therapy?
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A tourist who recently returned from a visit to the Amazon rain forest develops the signs and symptoms of malaria (fever, chills, muscle aches & fatigue). Blood tests reveal the presence of chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum. Chloroquine therapy is initiated, resulting in a gradual dissapearance of malarial symptoms. What is the primary antimalarial mechanism of action of this drug?
A tourist who recently returned from a visit to the Amazon rain forest develops the signs and symptoms of malaria (fever, chills, muscle aches & fatigue). Blood tests reveal the presence of chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum. Chloroquine therapy is initiated, resulting in a gradual dissapearance of malarial symptoms. What is the primary antimalarial mechanism of action of this drug?
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A patient receives granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor infusion therapy. On which system should attention be focused during and after the infusion
A patient receives granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor infusion therapy. On which system should attention be focused during and after the infusion
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What information should be given to a patient taking oral antidiabetic hypoglycemic drugs (more than one answer is possible)
What information should be given to a patient taking oral antidiabetic hypoglycemic drugs (more than one answer is possible)
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A 47-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension undergoes a minor fall at home, resulting in a fracture of her right radius. Which of the following medications could potentially cause such a fracture?
A 47-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension undergoes a minor fall at home, resulting in a fracture of her right radius. Which of the following medications could potentially cause such a fracture?
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Which of the following medications has been studied for the treatment of pain associated with endometriosis but is not currently approved for this indication?
Which of the following medications has been studied for the treatment of pain associated with endometriosis but is not currently approved for this indication?
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Methimazole reduces the serum concentration of T3 mainly by
Methimazole reduces the serum concentration of T3 mainly by
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Study Notes
Oral Alendronate Therapy
- Patients taking oral alendronate should drink plenty of water with the tablet and remain upright for 30 minutes before the first meal of the day
- This is to reduce the risk of erosive esophagitis
- Oral bisphosphonates can irritate the esophagus and stomach
Oxycodone and IBS-C
- For a 34-year-old patient with IBS-C who experienced persistent constipation after taking oxycodone for a neck injury, lubiprostone may be the most effective medication for both conditions (constipation and IBS-C)
- Lubiprostone increases fluid secretion in the intestine, acting as a laxative
Expectorant for Cold Remedies
- Guaifenesin is a common expectorant in cold remedies
- It reduces the thickness of mucus, making it easier to cough out
Asthma Treatment Adjustments
- For a 35-year-old male with asthma, using a high-dose of budesonide and formoterol daily, and occasional albuterol inhaler, adding zafirlukast to their regimen may improve exercise-induced symptoms and prevent further escalation of corticosteroid therapy
- Zafirlukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, recommended in cases of exercise-induced asthma
Generic Form of Drugs
- Ezetimibe is available in a generic form
- This oral drug reduces cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, impacting LDL and apolipoprotein B levels
Nimodipine for Ischemic Deficits
- Nimodipine is approved to improve neurological outcomes in patients treated for subarachnoid hemorrhage
- It reduces the incidence and severity of ischemic deficits
Captopril and Cough
- Patients prescribed captopril for hypertension may experience a cough
- Azilsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, is a possible alternative due to being less likely to cause a cough; this alternative does also affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Electrolyte Abnormalities
- Cobalamin therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to hypokalemia, requiring monitoring of serum electrolyte levels, particularly potassium
- Elevated methylmalonic acid and homocysteine are also monitored following the commencement of cobalamin therapy
Antibiotic Dosage (Aztreonam)
- For a severe lower respiratory tract infection, with aztreonam prescribed, the recommended dosage is 1–2 g every 8–12 hours
Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Strains
- Researchers are searching for new antibiotics that target different RNA polymerase subunits to treat rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis strains
Anti-Endometriosis Drug
- Aromatase inhibitors (not currently approved) are being explored for endometriosis pain relief
Methimazole and T3 Serum Concentration
- Methimazole lowers T3 serum levels by accelerating peripheral metabolism
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Infusion
- Patients receiving GM-CSF infusion should be closely monitored for respiratory complications (dyspnea), potentially related to granulocyte sequestration in the lungs
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Description
This quiz covers key pharmacotherapy concepts related to oral alendronate, oxycodone management for IBS-C, expectorants in cold remedies, and asthma treatment adjustments. It provides insights into medication management and patient care strategies for these common health issues.
