Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Diseases: Hypertension Management
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Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Diseases: Hypertension Management

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Hypertension (HTN) is also known as High Blood Pressure (HBP). BP = CO x TPR. CO stands for Cardiac Output and TPR stands for Total Peripheral ________.

Resistance

Stroke volume is influenced by cardiac preload, cardiac afterload, and _________.

Contractility

Excess sodium intake and renal sodium retention can lead to increased fluid volume, impacting cardiac preload and ultimately affecting stroke volume. This mechanism is associated with the pathogenesis of _________.

Hypertension

In hypertension management, lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes to reduce sodium intake can help in controlling blood pressure. Sodium intake restriction helps in preventing excess fluid volume, thus reducing cardiac preload and overall blood pressure. This approach is particularly important in the treatment of _________.

<p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antihypertensive medications like calcium channel blockers work by reducing total peripheral resistance, thus lowering blood pressure. These drugs are commonly used in the treatment of _________.

<p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beta-blockers are a class of antihypertensive drugs that work by reducing heart rate and contractility. These medications are effective in managing high blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output. Beta-blockers are commonly prescribed in the treatment of _________.

<p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ is a first-line agent recommended by the 2017 ACC/AHA Guidelines for hypertension management.

<p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are automatically classified as high risk according to the ACC/AHA Guidelines due to their condition, placing them in the _______ category.

<p>high-risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 2017 ACC/AHA Guidelines recommend _______ as a first-line agent for hypertension management.

<p>ACEIs/ARBs</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ are used as first-line agents for hypertension management according to the 2017 ACC/AHA Guidelines.

<p>CCB (Calcium Channel Blockers)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is important to monitor for adverse effects when using _______ for hypertension management.

<p>beta-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 2017 ACC/AHA Guidelines recommend using _______ equations for risk assessment in hypertension management.

<p>Pooled Cohort</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider initiation of 2 antihypertensive agents of different classes for patients with stage 2 hypertension, especially if BP is ≥150/90 mm Hg. Step 1: 1st line agent could be ACEI, ARBs, CCB, or ____________.

<p>thiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

In elderly patients (age >55-65 yr) and Blacks, the preferred 1st line antihypertensive agents are CCB or ____________.

<p>thiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

If blood pressure goal isn’t achieved despite adequate adherence, the therapy should be titrated up in a stepwise approach. Step 2: Either maximize the dose of the 1st agent or add a ____________ agent.

<p>2nd</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hypertension management, if still not controlled after adding a 3rd agent, which is considered resistant hypertension, a 4th agent such as a beta-blocker, alpha-blocker, or aldosterone antagonist may be added. This step is known as Step ____________.

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Strategies to dose antihypertensive drugs include starting with one drug, titrating to the maximum dose, and then adding a ____________ drug.

<p>2nd</p> Signup and view all the answers

For patients with blood pressure ≥150/90 mmHg above their goal, beginning with 2 drugs at the same time may be recommended. If the goal BP is not achieved with 2 drugs, a ____________ drug may be added.

<p>3rd</p> Signup and view all the answers

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