Pharmacology Quiz on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Drugs

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following drugs is considered a narcotic anti-tussive?

Butamirate citrate

Dextromethorphan

Hydrocodone (correct)

Benzonatate

What is the main action of mucolytics?

Prevent bronchospasm

Increase respiratory rate

Suppress cough reflex

Breakdown mucus (correct)

Which medication type is primarily used for symptomatic relief in bronchial asthma?

Diuretics

Bronchodilators (correct)

Mucolytics

Expectorants

Which class of drugs helps reduce inflammation in lung tissue?

Leukotriene modifiers Signup and view all the answers

How do anticholinergic medications assist in treating respiratory conditions?

They open airways by blocking parasympathetic reflexes. Signup and view all the answers

In cardiovascular pharmacology, which of the following agents is an ACE inhibitor?

Lisinopril Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug is used to assist in loosening respiratory secretions?

Expectorants Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of diuretics in cardiovascular therapy?

Promoting fluid excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of calcium channel blockers?

Dilate coronary and peripheral arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diuretics is known for being the most powerful and efficacious?

Loop Diuretics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diuretics can block the transport function of renal tubules?

Thiazides Diuretics Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical use of osmotic diuretics?

Maintaining urine output Signup and view all the answers

Which class of diuretics is specifically aimed at preventing hypokalemia?

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Signup and view all the answers

What is a major clinical use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diuretics?

Manage open-angle glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT typically treated with loop diuretics?

Mild fluid retention Signup and view all the answers

In treating which condition are osmotic diuretics particularly effective?

Acute renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of nitrates in treating anginal attacks?

Reduce pain by dilating blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is primarily used to lower LDL cholesterol?

The Statins Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use for cardiac glycosides?

To increase cardiac output in heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes centrally acting agents in their mechanism of action?

They stimulate alpha2 adrenoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anticoagulants work by directly inhibiting factors within the coagulation cascade?

Direct anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with cardiac glycosides?

Gynaecomastia Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic effect is associated with antiplatelet agents?

They reduce platelet aggregation Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the mechanism of bile-acid binding resins from other lipid regulating agents?

They prevent cholesterol reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure?

Vasodilation and reduction of peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the action of Angiotensin II receptor antagonists?

They compete with angiotensin II for tissue binding sites. Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medication is primarily used to prevent or control nausea associated with chemotherapy?

5HT3 antagonists Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary clinical use of beta adrenergic blockers?

Reduction of cardiac contractility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of stimulant laxatives?

Stimulate intestinal peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use for emetics?

To induce vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class mainly acts by selectively blocking alpha1 adrenoreceptors?

Alpha adrenergic blockers Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for motion sickness?

Hyoscine Signup and view all the answers

What effect do Calcium channel blockers have on the body's physiology?

Prevent calcium influx, affecting action potentials Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors?

Inhibiting proton pump in gastric acid secretion Signup and view all the answers

What common clinical condition is treated with both ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists?

Heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of adrenergic neuron blockers in hypertension management?

They inhibit adrenergic nerve transmission. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of laxative is associated with drawing water into the intestine to increase stool mass?

Osmotic laxatives Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of using ACE inhibitors on serum potassium levels?

Increase in serum potassium Signup and view all the answers

What do antidiarrheal drugs primarily do in the gastrointestinal tract?

Decrease intestinal motility Signup and view all the answers

Which laxative type is classified as a stool softener?

Lubricant laxatives Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of histamine receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) in the stomach?

Inhibit gastric acid secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a class of diuretics?

Narcotic Diuretics Signup and view all the answers

Which type of analgesics primarily acts on central pain mechanisms?

Narcotic Analgesics Signup and view all the answers

What physiological effect do antidiuretics have on urine volume?

Reduce urine volume Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the action of non-narcotic analgesics?

They do not produce narcosis. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines sedatives in comparison to hypnotics?

Reducing excitement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is a common clinical use for antidiuretics?

Primary nocturnal enuresis Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone type is NOT included in the category of hormones mentioned for the endocrine system?

Antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drugs Affecting Different Organ Systems

Drugs affecting the reproductive system cover various hormones.
Estrogens and androgens are sex hormones, produced by the gonads.
These are necessary for conception, embryonic development, and development of primary and secondary sex characteristics during puberty.
Clinically, they're used for contraception, menopausal symptom management, and hormone replacement therapy in deficiency cases.
Different types of estrogens exist in women, including estradiol produced in the ovaries, estrone from fatty tissues and adrenal glands, and estriol produced in the placenta during pregnancy.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are another category of reproductive system drugs.
Progestogens (progestins) are another class of drugs used for contraception and hormone replacement therapy.
Progesterone is a naturally occurring progestogen.
Drugs like desogestrel, dienogest, drospirenone, levonorgestrel, and norethindrone are synthetic progestins.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an injectable contraceptive.
Mifepristone is a progesterone antagonist used in pregnancy termination.
Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for masculinization in both males and females.
Testosterone is created by Leydig cells in the testes, thecal cells in the ovaries, and adrenal glands.
Tamoxifen is used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer or as adjuvant therapy after mastectomy or radiation for breast cancer.
Bazedoxifene is used for treating menopausal symptoms in women with intact uteruses, combined with conjugated estrogens.
Clomiphene is used for infertility treatment.
Ospemifene is used to treat dyspareunia related to menopause.
Hormones relevant to the reproductive system are discussed, including estrogens, androgens, and progestogens.
Various drugs with uses in the reproductive system are discussed, with specific examples presented.
Drugs affecting the respiratory system include antihistamines, antitussives, COPD drugs, decongestants, and expectorants.
Antihistamines block histamine release and action for allergic conditions.
Antitussives relieve the cough reflex.
COPD drugs encompass bronchodilators, inhaled steroids and leukotriene receptor blockers.
Decongestants reduce blood flow to upper airways to decrease excessive secretions.
Expectorants thin mucus to facilitate productive coughing and clear airways.
First-generation antihistamines can sometimes cause drowsiness, whereas second-generation ones typically cause less sedation.
Examples of first-generation are chlorphenamine, diphenhydramine, and meclizine, and examples of second-generation are loratadine, fexofenadine, and cetirizine.
Examples of antitussives include benzonatate (narcotic), butamiate citrate (non-narcotic), codeine (narcotic), dextromethorphan (non-narcotic), and hydrocodone (narcotic).
Mucolytics such as acetylcysteine and dornase alpha break down mucus in respiratory patients where it builds up.
Drugs for COPD involve bronchodilators (adrenergics and xanthines), steroids and leukotriene modifiers for reducing inflammation in lung tissue, and cromolyn sodium and nedocromil as anti-inflammatory agents that reduce histamine release.
Expectorants assist in loosening airway secretions.
Xanthines, sympathomimetics, anitcholinergics, and inhaled steroids are examples of bronchodilators.
Cardiovascular drugs differ widely in how they act.
They are categorized by their action.
ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and lower blood pressure.
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists compete with angiotensin II.
Adrenergic neuron blockers inhibit transmission by nerve ends in the body.
Alpha and beta adrenergic blockers prevent vasoconstriction and reduce blood pressure leading to potential applications in treatment of hypertension and open-angle glaucoma.
Calcium channel blockers reduce calcium influx which reduces blood pressure and has application in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris & cardiac arrhythmias.
Diuretics reduce blood volume by increasing urine volume.
Loop diuretics, Thiazide diuretics and Potassium sparing diuretics and Osmotic diuretics and Carbonic-anhudrase inhibitors each have their own applications.
Nitrates are vasodilators, increasing blood flow and reducing angina.
Lipid regulating agents alter blood lipid levels to manage or prevent heart conditions.
Statins, Fibrates, Bile acid binding resins and Nicotinates and Omega-3 fatty acids each have their role in managing blood lipids.
Cardiac glycosides influence heart function, mainly in conditions with failing hearts.
Centrally acting agents directly influence the nervous system to reduce blood pressure.
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents prevent blood clots and are important for preventing blood clots, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
Drugs in the gastrointestinal system are designed for several purposes, antiemetics prevent nausea and vomiting, emetics induce vomiting, and laxatives/purgatives evacuate the bowel through use of osmotic or stimulant mechanisms.
Common antiemetics include 5HT3 antagonists, antihistamines, metoclopramide, and anticholinergics.
Examples of laxatives include magnesium hydroxide, which promotes fluid absorption, stimulant laxatives that enhance bowel activity and lubricant laxatives that make stool softer, and stool softeners which allow more fluid to penetrate the feces.
Antacids neutralize stomach acid.
Proton pump inhibitors work by inhibiting the proton pumps to decrease gastric acid secretion.
Antidiarrheal drugs decrease intestinal motility and increase fluid absorption to counteract diarrhea.
Histamine receptor antagonists, also known as H2 blockers, reduce the amount of acid released into the stomach.
Drugs for the endocrine system cover several types of hormones and are often used to treat or regulate conditions related to hormones and hormone imbalances. -Examples of these categories include natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic hormones/compounds, hypothalamic/pituitary hormones, steroid hormones, thyroid hormones (and related drugs), and antidiabetic agents, such as insulin preparations (rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting).
Analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for various conditions.
Analgesics address pain, and antipyretics lower temperature, and anti-inflammatory drugs reduce inflammation.
Sedative-hypnotics, a range of drugs used to induce or maintain sleep or reduce excitement, include barbiturates which are less common now.
Anti-convulsants address and regulate seizures in various types of epilepsy.
Antianxiety (anxiolytic) drugs mitigate anxiety by calming the nervous system.
Anesthetics produce loss of feeling, classified as general, regional, or local.
Antipscyhotics and antidepressants, address conditions like psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, and depression.
Antidepressant drugs can be tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
Other categories include anti-manic medications (like lithium) that target elevated mood conditions and antipsychotics used in cases of psychosis or schizophrenia.
Agents are given depending on the problem in the nervous system, the disease or imbalance that is present in the system.

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Description

This quiz covers essential pharmacology concepts related to respiratory and cardiovascular drugs. Test your knowledge on narcotic anti-tussives, mucolytics, diuretics, and more. Dive into the mechanisms and clinical uses of various drug classes in treating respiratory and cardiovascular conditions.