Pharmacology: Antacids and Respiratory Drugs
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes the action of antacids?

  • They contain only one active ingredient.
  • They increase fecal consistency.
  • They exclusively neutralize stomach acid.
  • They can be combined to enhance effectiveness. (correct)

    • What is the primary action of antacids in relation to gastric ulceration?

  • They directly heal ulcerated tissue.
  • They stimulate acid secretion.
  • They inhibit the enzyme pepsin. (correct)
  • They increase mucus production.

    • What effect does Theo-Dur® have on cAMP levels in the lungs?

  • It significantly increases cAMP levels.
  • It inhibits the enzyme phosphodiesterase. (correct)
  • It has no effect on cAMP levels.
  • It promotes the decline of cAMP levels.

    • Which cells regulate gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Neurocrine, paracrine, and endocrine cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for managing respiratory depression due to opioids?

    <p>Narcan®</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DuoNeb® contains which of the following medications?

    <p>Salbutamol and ipratropium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antitussive medications primarily exert their effect?

    <p>By depressing the medullary center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is considered the most potent stimulus of gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the mechanisms of action of Guanethidine is correct?

    <p>Inhibits the release of NE from sympathetic nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is least likely to be associated with the effects of Mannitol?

    <p>Ability to be metabolically altered to an active form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is associated with the clinical effects of calcium channel blockers?

    <p>Decreases left ventricular wall stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one rational mechanism for using beta blockers to manage angina pectoris?

    <p>Decrease blood pressure and contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is most likely to cause hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, and hyperuricemia?

    <p>Hydrochlorothiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is considered a prophylactic treatment for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia?

    <p>Verapamil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is involved in the action of nitroglycerin for treating angina pectoris?

    <p>Increased cGMP levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely mechanism of action for Losartan in treating hypertension and diabetic neuropathy?

    <p>Blocks AT1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a member of the Nitrosoureas group?

    <p>Lomustine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Methotrexate in cancer treatment?

    <p>Acts as a folic acid antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is Methotrexate commonly used to treat besides cancer?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is the first in the thiopurine series found to be useful as an anticancer agent?

    <p>Mercaptopurine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Allopurinol in relation to chemotherapy?

    <p>Prevents hyperuricemia after tumor cell lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major toxicity associated with Fluorouracil?

    <p>Mucositis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme inhibited that leads to DNA damage in relation to cancer therapies?

    <p>Topoisomerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paclitaxel is primarily indicated for which types of cancer?

    <p>Ovarian cancer and advanced breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with an ideal anesthetic drug?

    <p>Causes prolonged recovery from cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anesthetic is incorrectly matched with its type?

    <p>Desflurane - intravenous anesthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anesthetics is associated with a depressant effect on arterial pressure?

    <p>Isoflurane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of anesthesia does spontaneous respiration completely cease?

    <p>Stage of surgical anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence correctly represents the increasing depth of nervous system depression?

    <p>Stage of analgesia - Stage of excitement - Stage of modullary depression - Stage of surgical anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about inhaled anesthetics is NOT true?

    <p>They do not affect renal blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following barbiturates is commonly used to induce anesthesia?

    <p>Thiopental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for the metabolism of amide-containing local anesthetics?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding cyclooxygenase is accurate?

    <p>COX-1 contains isoleucine at position 523, while COX-2 contains valine at the same position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a major inhibitor of gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antacid is known for its slow onset of action?

    <p>Aluminum hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence for the decreasing potency of inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Fluticasong proprionate &gt; Budesonide &gt; beclomethasone dipropionate &gt; Triamcinolone acetonide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which COX-2 inhibitor is recognized for having the highest COX-2 to COX-1 selectivity ratio?

    <p>Etoricoxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Montelukast (Singulair®) is correct?

    <p>Montelukast contains active ingredients that prevent inflammation and promote bronchodilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antacid is known for having a long duration of action?

    <p>Aluminum hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about mucolytics and expectorants is correct?

    <p>Expectorants decrease the viscosity of bronchial secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antacids

    • Antacids with slow onset: Aluminum hydroxide, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium hydroxide
    • Antacids with fast onset: Combination of different antacids for rapid onset and sustained action
    • Mechanism of action: Prevent the formation of pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme that mediates tissue injury in gastric ulceration
    • Common mediator and the most potent stimulus of gastric acid secretion: Histamine
    • Gastric acid secretion regulated by: Neurocrine cells, Paracrine cells, Endocrine cells
    • Somatostatin inhibits histamine release from ECL cells, a major inhibitor of gastric acid secretion

    Respiratory System

    • The drug of choice for respiratory depression induced by opioid analgesics: Narcan®
    • DuoNeb® contains Salbutamol (a beta – 2 agonist) and ipratropium (an antimuscarinic agent)
    • Antitussive medications exert their effect through: Depression of the medullary center, Increasing the threshold of peripheral reflexogenous zones, Interruption of tussal impulses in the afferent limb of the cough reflex
    • Mucolytics increase the amount of respiratory tract fluid
    • Expectorants decrease the viscosity of bronchial secretions.
    • Inhaled corticosteroids potency: Fluticasong proprionate > Budesonide > beclomethasone dipropionate > Triamcinolone acetonide

    Cyclooxygenase

    • COX-1 isoenzyme contains isoleucine at position 523
    • COX-2 isoenzyme contains valine at position 523 for selective binding of COX-2 inhibitors

    Montelukast

    • Singulair® contains montelukast as active ingredient
    • Montelukast prevents inflammation and promotes bronchodilation

    Cardiovascular System

    • Ca++ Channel blockers: Increase left ventricular wall stress; Increase myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Beta blockers: Increase diastolic perfusion time, Decrease heart rate, blood pressure and contractility
    • Diuretics causing hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia and hyperuricemia: Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide
    • Prophylactic drug for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia: Adenosine
    • Nitroglycerin mechanism of action: cGMP
    • Captopril clinical uses: Congestive heart failure, Prevention of LV dysfunction following MI, Diabetic nephropathy
    • Losartan mechanism of action: Interacts irreversibly at the AT1 and AT2 receptors

    Digoxin

    • Decreased serum concentration of Digoxin

    Guanethidine

    • Inhibits the release of NE from sympathetic nerve endings
    • Increases sensitivity to the hypertensive effects of amines

    Mannitol

    • Effectiveness as nonelectrolytic, osmotically active particles
    • Capacity to be freely filtered
    • Retention of water in the tubular fluid

    Anesthesia

    • Ideal anesthetic drug characteristics: Induce loss of consciousness smoothly and rapidly, Possess a wide margin of safety
    • Ketamine: Opioid anesthetic
    • Cocaine: Ester containing local anesthetics
    • Lidocaine: Xylocaine
    • Inhaled anesthetics with depressant effect on arterial pressure: Halothane, Desflurane, Enflurane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane
    • Stages of anesthesia: Stage of modullary depression; Stage of excitement; Stage of analgesia; Stage of surgical anesthesia
    • Order of increasing depth of nervous system depression: Stage of analgesia - Stage of excitement - Stage of surgical anesthesia - Stage of modullary depression
    • Inhaled anesthetics: Increase the metabolic rate of the brain, Decrease mean arterial pressure in direct proportion to alveolar concentration
    • Commonly used barbiturate to induce anesthesia: Thiopental
    • Amide containing local anesthetics are converted to more water soluble metabolites and excreted in the urine by the liver

    Cancer Chemotherapy

    • Nitrosoureas used to treat brain tumors: Lomustine, Semustine
    • Folic acid antagonist that binds to the active catalytic site of dihydrofolate reductase, interfering with the synthesis of the reduced form that accepts one-carbon units: Methotrexate
    • Methotrexate applications: Rheumatoid arthritis
    • The first of the thiopurine series found useful as an anticancer drug: Mercaptopurine
    • Frequently used with chemotherapeutic treatment in hematologic cancers to prevent hyperuricemia after tumor cell lysis: Allopurinol
    • Major toxicities of Fluorouracil: Myelosupression, Mucositis, Vomiting
    • Enzyme responsible for cutting and relegating single DNA strands, Inhibition of this enzyme results in DNA damage: Topoisomerase I
    • Natural products that interfere with the activity of Topoisomerase I: Podophyllotoxins, Camptothecins
    • An alkaloid ester derived from the Western Yew (Taxus brevifolia) and the European Yew ( Taxus baccata): Paclitaxel
    • Paclitaxel dose-limiting toxicities: Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Peripheral neuropathy
    • Used in combination with surgery and vincristine in the adjuvant treatment of Wilm's tumor: Dactinomycin
    • Major dose-limiting toxicity of dactinomycin: Bone marrow depression
    • Formerly known as Mithramycin, isolated from Streptomyces plicatus: Plicamycin

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Blue Pharmacology Answer Key PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the pharmacological aspects of antacids and respiratory medications. Participants will explore the mechanisms of action, drug choices for specific conditions, and the regulation of gastric acid secretion. Test your knowledge on how these medications function and their therapeutic uses.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser