Pharmacology Quiz: NSAIDs and Analgesics

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Questions and Answers

Why should Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs not be given with antacids?

It may cause GI distress (correct)

It increases heart rate

It increases risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (correct)

It decreases the drug's effectiveness

When caring for a 70-year-old client with a sleep disturbance, how should the dose of a sedative be adjusted?

Increase the dose

Decrease the dose (correct)

Combine with a stimulant

Keep the dose unchanged

What important information should be included in the teaching plan for a patient taking hypnotic medication for insomnia?

Go to bed 30 minutes earlier than usual (correct)

Store medication in the refrigerator

Avoid high protein foods before bed

Keep the room completely dark

Which instruction should a client taking a barbiturate receive?

Gradually decrease the dose instead of stopping abruptly Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse initially implement when administering phenobarbital?

Have emergency resuscitation equipment available Signup and view all the answers

How should dexamethasone IV be prepared for a client with cerebral edema?

Dilute in 100 ml of lactated Ringer’s solution Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse be aware of when planning analgesia for a known narcotic abuser post-surgery?

They may require higher doses of analgesia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the dosage adjustment for elderly patients receiving sedatives?

Doses should be decreased due to sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the sympathetic response on the heart?

Increase heart rate Signup and view all the answers

How does the parasympathetic response affect the gastrointestinal tract?

Increases peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the bladder is correct regarding sympathetic and parasympathetic responses?

Sympathetic response constricts bladder muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the parasympathetic response on the salivary gland?

Increases salivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the common effect of the sympathetic response on blood vessels?

Constricts blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be withheld if the pulse rate drops below 60 bpm?

Atenolol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is classified as a beta adrenergic blocking agent?

Propanolol Signup and view all the answers

What should Mr. Bc be cautioned about regarding his medication?

Never stop the drug abruptly Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs are also known as sympatholytics?

Adrenergic blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect expected when administering Atropine SO4?

Dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is indicated to increase vasodilation?

Hot baths Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a beta blocker commonly used for treating hypertension?

Atenolol Signup and view all the answers

A drug that indirectly stimulates adrenergic receptors is known as?

Amphetamine Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when taking certain medications?

Ingesting buttermilk or yogurt Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible trigger for yeast infections after antibiotic use?

Disruption of normal body flora Signup and view all the answers

What medication is anticipated for a patient with MRSA?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in patient teaching regarding isoniazid and rifampin?

Compliance with drug regimen is essential Signup and view all the answers

How many agents are usually required for tuberculosis treatment?

2 to 3 agents are needed Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is anticipated for treating a Candida infection in the mouth?

Nystatin Signup and view all the answers

When caring for a patient receiving amphotericin B, what is crucial for assessment?

Hypomagnesemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority nursing intervention for patients receiving antiviral drugs?

Promoting hydration Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of intravenous (IV) analgesia compared to epidural analgesia?

IV analgesia requires higher doses for pain relief Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct for an individual about to undergo surgery with inhalation anesthetic?

You may lose the sensation in the surgical area upon awakening Signup and view all the answers

In a situation where a mechanically ventilated patient is restless, which intravenous anesthetic is most appropriate?

Propofol (Diprivan) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key instruction for a patient prescribed Alprazolam (Xanax) for anxiety?

Avoid alcoholic beverages Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would the use of benzodiazepines be questioned?

Pregnant patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority teaching for a patient taking fluconazole?

Take 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is known to stimulate the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA?

Barbiturates Signup and view all the answers

Which drug was the first to receive FDA approval for treating AIDS?

Zidovudine Signup and view all the answers

What oral health issue is a common side effect of phenytoin (Dilantin)?

Gingival hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the statements on erythromycin for Legionnaires pneumophila, which is true?

The first statement is correct. The second statement is incorrect Signup and view all the answers

Which method is least effective for preventing cluster headaches?

Antidepressants Signup and view all the answers

The azole group of antifungals inhibits which process in fungal cells?

Interfering with the formation of ergosterol Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding toxoids is correct?

Toxoids are inactivated toxins that stimulate antitoxin formation Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine was developed first to prevent cancer?

Human papillomavirus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should not be monitored in administering antivirals?

Prothrombin time Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is known to restore and preserve immunologic function?

Antiretroviral Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acetaminophen and NSAIDs

Acetaminophen is not an opioid analgesic, but a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
The first statement is correct, the second is incorrect.

COX Enzymes

COX-1 protects the stomach lining.
COX-1 promotes blood clotting.
COX-1 does not decrease fever.
COX-1 does not trigger pain.

Aspirin Actions

Aspirin suppresses pain impulses.
Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Aspirin inhibits COX-2 for reducing inflammation and pain.
Aspirin inhibits COX-1, decreasing stomach lining protection.

Clonidine and Methyldopa

Clonidine and Methyldopa are selective alpha2-adrenergic drugs used primarily to treat hypertension.
They regulate norepinephrine release.
First statement is correct, second statement is correct.

Nursing Interventions for Vasodilators

Implement seizure precautions.
Withhold the drug if blood pressure is 90/60 or lower.
Encourage slow position changes for patients.
Inform patient of potential headache and dizziness.

Beta-blockers and Cautious Use

Beta-blockers should be used cautiously with patients who have asthma.

Propranolol Complications

Propranolol may cause complaints of insomnia.
Propranolol may cause audible expiratory wheezes.
Baseline blood pressure of 150/80 followed by 138/72 mmHg after two doses of medication (normal finding).
Baseline resting heart rate of 88 followed by 72 beats per minute after two doses of medication (normal finding).

Medication Instructions for Discharge

Exercise helps prevent orthostatic hypotension.
Hot baths and showers may increase vasodilation.
Do not withhold medication if the pulse rate is below 60 bpm.
Medications should be taken with food unless instructed otherwise to improve absorption.

Common Beta-blockers for Hypertension

Atenolol is a common beta-blocker used to treat hypertension.

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent.

Adrenergic Blocking Drugs

Anticholinergics are also known as adrenergic blocking drugs.

Cautions for Mr. Bc

Avoid sun exposure.
Avoid infection.
Stop the drug if flu-like symptoms occur.
Do not stop the drug abruptly; it should be tapered slowly.

Sympathomimetics

Sympathomimetics are direct and indirect-acting drugs.
Indirect-acting drugs stimulate adrenergic receptors.
Examples include ephedrine, amphetamine, and albuterol.

Analgesic Preferred During Pregnancy

Meperidine is a preferred analgesic during pregnancy.

Drugs Elevating Blood Pressure

Vasopressors elevate blood pressure.

Physician Order Maintenance Medication

Administer the medication as ordered.
Clarify order by calling the physician if unsure.

Atropine Side Effects

Dry mouth is a common side effect of atropine.

Medications to Decrease Oropharyngeal Secretions

Anticholinergic medications are used to decrease oropharyngeal secretions.

Cholinergic Agonists

Cholinergic agonists stimulate cholinergic receptors.

Atropine as an Anesthetic Agent

Atropine reduces excess salivation and gastric secretions.

Hydromorphone

Hydromorphone is more potent than morphine.

Drugs Hindering Impulses from Thalamus

Thiopental sodium hinders impulses from the thalamus.

Drugs Preventing Dissemination of Electrical Discharges

Anticonvulsants prevent dissemination of electrical discharges.

Morphine Side Effects

Urinary retention
Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
Diarrhea is a possible side effect; not prominent.

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs should not be given with antacids.
NSAIDs may cause Gl distress.
NSAIDs decrease the potency of the medication.
NSAIDs increase the incidence of bleeding.

Elderly Patient and Sedatives

The dose of sedatives for elderly people may need to be decreased.

Hypnotic Medication for Insomnia

Avoid high-protein foods between supper and bedtime.
Go to bed 30 minutes earlier.
Keep a nightlight on.
Put medication on bedside table with water.

Barbiturates

Barbiturates stimulate the GABA neurotransmitter.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines stimulate the GABA neurotransmitter.

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Tricyclic antidepressants do not stimulate GABA.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

SSRIs do not stimulate GABA.

Gingival Hyperplasia

Gingival hyperplasia is a common side effect of phenytoin.

Preventing Cluster Headaches

Beta-blockers
Gabapentin
Tricyclic antidepressants

Phenytoin Sodium (Dilantin) Action

Phenytoin reduces motor cortex activity.
It doesn't correct abnormal norepinephrine synthesis.
It does not depress spinal cord impulse transmission.

Phenytoin Sodium (Dilantin) Therapy

Stop the drug gradually, not abruptly, to prevent status epilepticus.

Gabapentin (Neuropil) Disorders

Gabapentin is used for tonic seizures, Parkinson's disease, and postherpetic neuralgia.

Plant Alkaloid and Acetylcholine

Atropine is a plant alkaloid, inhibiting acetylcholine and parasympathetic actions.

Anticonvulsant Drug Considerations

Do not use amitriptyline with anticonvulsants, such as phenobarbital.

Seizure Management

Protect the client's head from injury during seizures.
Place on a soft surface.
Do not attempt to insert a tongue depressor in the mouth during seizure.
Elevate the head to prevent aspiration during a seizure.

Classic Seizure Types

Tonic seizures involve prolonged muscle stiffness.
Clonic seizures involve uncontrollable jerking movements.
Absence seizures are brief loss of consciousness.
Myoclonic seizures are sudden, brief jerks.

Narcotic Antagonist for Respiratory Depression

Naloxone HCI (Narcan) is a narcotic antagonist for respiratory depression.

Candida Infection Treatment

Nystatin is used to treat Candida infections

Amphotericin B

Amphotericin B is used to treat fungal infections.

Antiviral Medications

Promoting hydration is critical for patients receiving antiviral medications.

Fluconazole Teaching

Patients taking fluconazole should be advised that hypoglycemia may occur if used with oral sulfonylureas.

Erythromycin

Both statements about Erythromycin are correct.

Azoles for Disease Conditions

Azoles treat Candida-related diseases.

Vaccines and Antitoxins

Toxoids create immunity against diseases. Vaccine-preventable diseases and reactions need to be recorded by health care providers.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the actions and effects of acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and the roles of COX enzymes. This quiz also covers essential information about antihypertensive drugs like Clonidine and Methyldopa, and nursing interventions for vasodilators. Perfect for pharmacology students seeking to reinforce their understanding.