Pharmacology of Opioids and NSAIDs

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which opioids relieve pain?

Enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration

Inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin

Increasing the efficacy of neurotransmission

Binding to G-protein coupled receptors (correct)

Which of the following is classified as a semi-synthetic opioid?

Tramadol (correct)

Codeine

Morphine

Pethidine

What is a common CNS effect associated with certain medications?

Tinnitus

Tarry stool

Renal failure

Sedation (correct)

Which of the following is a potential GI effect of certain drugs?

Pain and bleeding leading to tarry stool Signup and view all the answers

Which type of opioid is Methadone categorized under?

Synthetic opioid Signup and view all the answers

What effect does post-synaptic receptor activation have in opioid analgesics?

Increases potassium efflux Signup and view all the answers

What condition is NOT listed as a use for NSAIDs?

Chronic fatigue syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an opioid agonist?

Naloxone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about narcotics?

They can treat many types of pain. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?

Drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with the use of certain medications affecting the kidneys?

Renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What is a known adverse effect that may occur in patients taking narcotics?

Vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which of these functions is inhibited through pre-synaptic receptor activation by opioids?

Calcium influx Signup and view all the answers

Which category do NSAIDs fall under?

Non-opioids Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about NSAIDs is correct?

They are the oldest member of the NSAIDs class. Signup and view all the answers

Where are opioid receptors predominantly located?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of ergotamine?

Prevention of migraines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a monitored adverse effect of ergotamine?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

How does ergotamine act on cranial blood vessels?

Constricts cranial blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of ergotamine?

2.7 hours, then 21 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of anesthesia?

Reduction of pain or sensation Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal therapeutic use of methadone?

For detoxification in opioid addiction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action (MOA) of hydromorphone?

It binds to opioid receptors and depresses the respiratory drive Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of remifentanil compared to other opioids?

It provides a rapid onset and rapid recovery time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of oxymorphone?

To treat moderate to severe pain without cough suppression Signup and view all the answers

What pharmacologic effect does pethidine have aside from analgesia?

Treatment of post-anesthetic shivering Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid has a mechanism of action as a u-agonist similar to morphine?

Fentanyl Signup and view all the answers

In what way does methadone abstinence syndrome differ from morphine abstinence syndrome?

The course is more prolonged and symptoms are less severe Signup and view all the answers

Which synthetic opioid is primarily used for surgeries including craniotomies and cardiac surgery?

Remifentanil Signup and view all the answers

What effect do large doses of aspirin have on uric acid levels?

Increase uric acid secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with NSAIDs?

GI bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is known for its uricosuric effect?

Salicylates Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of long-term NSAID use on the blood?

Elevated blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication regarding NSAIDs during pregnancy?

Increased risk of hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical time frame for NSAIDs to peak in the body?

1 to 2 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use for NSAIDs?

Insomnia Signup and view all the answers

What is a mild toxic reaction that may occur from salicylate use?

Salicylism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Opioid Mechanism of Action

Opioids primarily relieve pain by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) and reducing the perception of pain.

Opioid Classification

Semi-synthetic opioids are derived from naturally occurring opioids and modified chemically. Examples include heroin and oxycodone.

CNS Effects of Medications

A common CNS effect associated with certain medications is drowsiness.

GI Effects of Medications

A potential GI effect of certain drugs is constipation.

Methadone Category

Methadone is categorized as a synthetic opioid.

Post-Synaptic Receptor Activation

Post-synaptic receptor activation in opioid analgesics results in the reduction of pain perception by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters involved in pain signaling.

NSAID Uses

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs) are NOT typically used to treat bacterial infections.

Opioid Agonist Examples

Naloxone is NOT an example of an opioid agonist, it’s an antagonist.

Narcotic Characteristics

Narcotics are a class of drugs that have analgesic properties and can cause euphoria and dependence.

Opioid Analgesics Side Effects

A common side effect of opioid analgesics is constipation.

An adverse effect associated with certain medications affecting the kidneys is renal impairment.

Narcotic Adverse Effect

A known adverse effect that may occur in patients taking narcotics is respiratory depression.

Pre-Synaptic Receptor Activation by Opioids

Pre-synaptic receptor activation by opioids inhibits the release of neurotransmitters, such as substance P and glutamate, which are involved in pain transmission.

NSAID Classification

NSAIDs belong to the category of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

NSAID Properties

NSAIDs are known for their ability to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and reduce fever.

Opioid Receptor Location

Opioid receptors are predominantly located in the central nervous system (CNS), specifically in the brain and spinal cord.

Ergotamine Indication

The primary indication for the use of ergotamine is the treatment of migraine headaches.

Ergotamine Adverse Effect

A monitored adverse effect of ergotamine use is peripheral vasoconstriction, which can lead to problems in the extremities.

Ergotamine Mechanism of Action

Ergotamine acts on cranial blood vessels by constricting them, which helps to reduce the pain associated with migraines.

Ergotamine Half-life

Ergotamine has a half-life of approximately 2 hours.

Anesthesia Goal

The primary goal of anesthesia is to induce a reversible loss of consciousness and pain sensation.

Methadone Therapeutic Use

The principal therapeutic use of methadone is the management of opioid dependence.

Hydromorphone MOA

Hydromorphone exerts its analgesic effect through activation of mu-opioid receptors in the CNS.

Remifentanil Uniqueness

Remifentanil stands out from other opioids due to its rapid onset of action and ultra-short duration of effect.

Oxymorphone Use

Oxymorphone is primarily used for severe pain management.

Pethidine Pharmacologic Effect

Aside from analgesia, pethidine also possesses anticholinergic properties that can influence muscle tone and other physiological functions.

Morphine-Like Opioid

Fentanyl has a mechanism of action as a u-agonist similar to morphine.

Methadone Abstinence Syndrome Difference

Methadone abstinence syndrome differs from morphine abstinence syndrome in that it usually develops more slowly and is less intense.

Synthetic Opioid for Surgeries

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid chiefly employed for surgeries, including craniotomies and cardiac surgery.

Aspirin on Uric Acid Levels

Large doses of aspirin can elevate uric acid levels in the body.

NSAID Common Adverse Effect

A common adverse effect associated with NSAIDs is gastric upset, including heartburn and ulcers.

Uricosuric Medication Class

Probenecid is known for its uricosuric effect, aiding in the excretion of uric acid from the body.

Long-Term NSAID Effect on Blood

Long-term NSAID use can potentially reduce platelet aggregation and increase the risk of bleeding.

NSAID Contraindication in Pregnancy

NSAIDs are generally contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy, as they can lead to complications for both mother and fetus.

NSAID Peak Time

NSAIDs typically reach their peak concentration in the body within 1-2 hours after administration.

NSAID Use Exclusions

NSAIDs are NOT recommended for the treatment of viral infections.

Salicylate Toxic Reaction

A mild toxic reaction from salicylate use can manifest as tinnitus or ringing in the ears.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the pharmacological mechanisms of opioids and NSAIDs with this quiz. Explore the classifications, effects, and common side effects associated with these medications. Perfect for students in pharmacology or related healthcare fields.