Pharmacology Quiz: Norvasc, Toradol, Tegretol

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Questions and Answers

What is a major risk associated with using ACE inhibitors and ARBs together?

Kidney damage (correct)

Weight gain

Gastrointestinal irritation

Nausea

Which condition is contraindicated for Naprosyn (Naproxen) usage?

Muscle pain

Arthritis

Active GI bleeding (correct)

Menstrual cramps

What side effect should be monitored when using Percocet (Oxycodone/Acetaminophen)?

Elevated heart rate

Increased appetite

Skin rash

Drowsiness (correct)

What is an important precaution for patients taking NSAIDs?

Close monitoring for GI bleeding Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is Zyloprim (Allopurinol) indicated?

Gout Signup and view all the answers

What serious side effect should be a concern with Vasotec (Enalapril)?

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use for Neurontin (Gabapentin)?

Neuropathic pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk with long-term use of Naprosyn?

Cardiovascular risks Signup and view all the answers

What are the common side effects associated with antibiotics?

Diarrhea and allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a contraindication for CNS stimulants?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

Which antifungal drug is commonly used for treating candidiasis?

Fluconazole Signup and view all the answers

What potential side effect is associated with long-term use of CNS stimulants?

Dependency and abuse Signup and view all the answers

What monitoring is important when using intravenous acyclovir?

Renal function monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a contraindication for Norvasc (Amlodipine)?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential serious side effect of Toradol (Ketorolac)?

Gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used for seizure disorders?

Tegretol (Carbamazepine) Signup and view all the answers

What side effect is common with Phenytoin use?

Gum overgrowth Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be avoided in patients with severe respiratory insufficiency?

Ativan (Lorazepam) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Elavil (Amitriptyline)?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

Which of these medications requires regular blood tests for therapeutic levels?

Tegretol (Carbamazepine) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contraindication for the use of Clarithromycin?

Liver disease Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is recommended for diabetic nephropathy?

Irbesartan Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to potentially cause tolerance with prolonged use?

Imdur (Isosorbide Mononitrate) Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is most commonly associated with Celebrex?

GI distress Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with long-term use of Prisolec (Omeprazole)?

Nutrient malabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications should not be used in a patient with a sulfonamide allergy?

Celebrex (Celecoxib) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is primarily used for edema and heart failure?

Lasix (Furosemide) Signup and view all the answers

What side effect is a common concern when taking Acyclovir?

Headache Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is classified as an ACE inhibitor?

Lisinopril Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following CNS depressants is primarily used for treating insomnia?

Zolpidem Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of CNS depressants?

Drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

Which condition should be a contraindication for the use of CNS depressants?

Alcohol use Signup and view all the answers

What medication class is considered first-line for short-term treatment of anxiety?

Benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential therapeutic use of psilocybin?

Treatment-resistant depression Signup and view all the answers

What is a common immediate side effect of hallucinogens?

Altered perceptions of reality Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions poses a risk when using hallucinogens?

Family history of psychiatric disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for managing withdrawal from long-term CNS depressant use?

Tapering schedule Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Norvasc (Amlodipine)

Uses: Treats high blood pressure (hypertension) and angina (chest pain).
Side Effects: Swelling (edema), dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, nausea.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to amlodipine, severe hypotension, shock.
Important Info: Can interact with other blood pressure medications and increase the risk of low blood pressure.

Toradol (Ketorolac)

Uses: Short-term treatment of moderate to severe pain (post-surgery, injury).
Side Effects: Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, renal impairment, dizziness, headache.
Contraindications: Active peptic ulcer, GI bleeding, severe renal impairment.
Important Info: Not recommended for long-term use due to risk of gastrointestinal and kidney problems.

Tegretol (Carbamazepine)

Uses: Seizure disorders, trigeminal neuralgia, bipolar disorder.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, blood dyscrasias.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to carbamazepine, bone marrow suppression, MAO inhibitors use.
Important Info: Can interact with many medications, monitor blood levels.

Phenytoin

Uses: Seizure management.
Side Effects: Gum overgrowth, dizziness, drowsiness, rash, neuropathy.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to phenytoin, heart block.
Important Info: Requires regular blood tests for therapeutic levels, can interact with several drugs.

Elavil (Amitriptyline)

Uses: Depression, chronic pain, migraine prevention.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, weight gain, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision.
Contraindications: Recent heart attack, MAO inhibitors.
Important Info: Anticholinergic effects can be problematic for older adults.

Ativan (Lorazepam)

Uses: Anxiety, insomnia, seizure management, pre-surgery sedation.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, memory problems.
Contraindications: Severe respiratory insufficiency, sleep apnea, myasthenia gravis.
Important Info: Risk of dependence and withdrawal, avoid alcohol.

Irbesartan

Uses: Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy (kidney protection in diabetes).
Side Effects: Dizziness, hyperkalemia, hypotension, fatigue.
Contraindications: Pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Important Info: ACE inhibitors and ARBs should not be used together due to the risk of kidney damage.

Percocet (Oxycodone/Acetaminophen)

Uses: Moderate to severe pain relief.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, constipation, nausea, respiratory depression.
Contraindications: Respiratory depression, acute or severe asthma.
Important Info: Risk of addiction and overdose; monitor for signs of misuse.

Naprosyn (Naproxen)

Uses: Pain relief (inflammation, arthritis, menstrual cramps).
Side Effects: Gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, bleeding, headache.
Contraindications: Active GI bleeding, peptic ulcer, renal impairment.
Important Info: Can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke with long-term use.

Vasotec (Enalapril)

Uses: Hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease.
Side Effects: Dizziness, cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension.
Contraindications: Pregnancy, history of angioedema with ACE inhibitors.
Important Info: Monitor kidney function and blood pressure.

NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

Uses: Pain relief, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing).
Side Effects: GI bleeding, ulcers, kidney damage, cardiovascular risks.
Contraindications: Peptic ulcers, GI bleeding, kidney disease.
Important Info: Includes ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen, and others. Long-term use should be monitored closely.

Neurontin (Gabapentin)

Uses: Seizures, neuropathic pain, restless leg syndrome.
Side Effects: Dizziness, fatigue, weight gain, peripheral edema.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to gabapentin.
Important Info: Can cause sedation, and use with caution in patients with kidney problems.

Zyloprim (Allopurinol)

Uses: Gout, kidney stones, and hyperuricemia management.
Side Effects: Rash, nausea, liver enzyme changes, hypersensitivity.
Contraindications: Acute gout flare, hypersensitivity to allopurinol.
Important Info: May interact with warfarin and other medications; drink plenty of fluids to avoid kidney stones.

Sinemet (Carbidopa/Levodopa)

Uses: Parkinson's disease, managing motor symptoms.
Side Effects: Nausea, dizziness, dyskinesia, hypotension.
Contraindications: Narrow-angle glaucoma, melanoma.
Important Info: Taper dose to avoid sudden motor complications.

Celebrex (Celecoxib)

Uses: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain.
Side Effects: Gl distress, heart attack, stroke, hypertension.
Contraindications: History of heart disease, GI bleeding, sulfonamide allergy.
Important Info: Selective COX-2 inhibitor with a lower risk of GI bleeding than traditional NSAIDs.

Clarithromycin

Uses: Bacterial infections (e.g., pneumonia, skin infections).
Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, taste disturbance, QT prolongation.
Contraindications: Liver disease, macrolide allergy, QT prolongation.
Important Info: Can interact with other medications (e.g., statins, warfarin).

Keflex (Cephalexin)

Uses: Bacterial infections (skin, respiratory, urinary tract).
Side Effects: Diarrhea, nausea, rash, allergic reactions.
Contraindications: Penicillin allergy (cross-sensitivity), renal dysfunction.
Important Info: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic.

Imdur (Isosorbide Mononitrate)

Uses: Prevents angina (chest pain).
Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, hypotension.
Contraindications: Hypotension, recent use of PDE5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil).
Important Info: Can cause tolerance with prolonged use.

Lasix (Furosemide)

Uses: Edema, hypertension, heart failure.
Side Effects: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia), dizziness.
Contraindications: Anuria, severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance.
Important Info: Monitor electrolytes and kidney function.

Prisolec (Omeprazole)

Uses: GERD, peptic ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Side Effects: Headache, nausea, diarrhea, long-term bone fractures.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to omeprazole, use with clopidogrel.
Important Info: Proton pump inhibitor; avoid long-term use due to risks of nutrient malabsorption.

Lisinopril

Uses: Hypertension, heart failure, post-heart attack.
Side Effects: Dizziness, dry cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension.
Contraindications: Pregnancy, renal artery stenosis.
Important Info: ACE inhibitor; monitor kidney function and electrolytes.

Acyclovir

Uses: Herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections.
Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, headache, renal toxicity (IV form).
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to acyclovir.
Important Info: Monitor renal function with IV use.

Antifungal

Uses: Fungal infections (e.g., candidiasis, dermatophytes).
Side Effects: Nausea, liver toxicity, skin rash.
Contraindications: Hepatic impairment, drug interactions (e.g., with statins).
Important Info: Includes drugs like fluconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine.

Antibiotic

Uses: Bacterial infections.
Side Effects: Diarrhea, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal upset.
Contraindications: Known allergies to specific antibiotics (e.g., penicillin).
Important Info: Broad or narrow-spectrum; important to complete the full course to avoid resistance.

Antimicrobial

Uses: Treats infections caused by bacteria, viruses.

CNS Stimulants

Uses: Treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, short-term treatment of obesity.
Side Effects: Increased heart rate, blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, decreased appetite, headache, potential for abuse and addiction.
Contraindications: History of substance use disorder, cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, pregnancy.
Important Info: Common CNS stimulants include amphetamines (Adderall), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and modafinil (Provigil).

CNS Depressants

Uses: Anxiety, panic disorders, insomnia, seizure disorders.
Important Info: Benzodiazepines are generally first-line for short-term anxiety treatment but carry a risk of tolerance and dependence.

Muscle Relaxants

Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, respiratory depression (especially with overdose), dependence and withdrawal symptoms, memory impairment, hypotension.
Contraindications: Alcohol or opioid use (risk of fatal respiratory depression), severe respiratory or hepatic impairment, history of substance abuse, pregnant or breastfeeding women.
Important Info: Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam, alprazolam) are generally first-line for short-term treatment of anxiety.

Hallucinogens

Uses: Recreational use (e.g., LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, MDMA, mescaline), potential therapeutic use.
Side Effects: Hallucinations, altered perceptions of reality.
Contraindications: Personal or family history of psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular conditions, pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Important Info: Effects are highly dose dependent and can vary with environment, mental state, and expectations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the uses, side effects, and contraindications of Norvasc, Toradol, and Tegretol. This quiz covers important pharmacological information and patient safety concerns related to these medications. Enhance your understanding of these essential drugs used in various medical conditions.