Pharmacology Overview Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are common side effects of CNS stimulants?

Hypertension, constipation, vomiting

Increased heart rate, insomnia, nervousness (correct)

Drowsiness, weight gain, skin rash

Shortness of breath, excessive thirst, tremors

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of CNS stimulants?

History of substance use disorder (correct)

Chronic headaches

Seasonal allergies

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following statements about antifungals is false?

They are contraindicated in patients with known allergies to penicillin. (correct)

Common antifungals include fluconazole and ketoconazole.

They may cause liver toxicity as a side effect.

They are used to treat fungal infections such as candidiasis.

What is an important monitoring consideration when using IV acyclovir?

Assess renal function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is treated with antibiotics?

Bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use of Norvasc (Amlodipine)?

Treatment of high blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of Toradol (Ketorolac)?

Dizziness Signup and view all the answers

What contraindication is associated with Tegretol (Carbamazepine)?

Hypersensitivity to carbamazepine Signup and view all the answers

Elavil (Amitriptyline) should be avoided in patients who have had what recent health issue?

Recent heart attack Signup and view all the answers

Which medication requires regular blood tests to monitor therapeutic levels?

Phenytoin Signup and view all the answers

What serious side effect is associated with the long-term use of Toradol (Ketorolac)?

Gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for using Ativan (Lorazepam)?

Severe respiratory insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is associated with Irbesartan?

Renal impairment Signup and view all the answers

Which CNS depressant is commonly used for treating insomnia?

Zolpidem Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with the use of CNS depressants?

Dependence and withdrawal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of CNS depressants?

Alcohol or opioid use Signup and view all the answers

What side effect might one experience when using hallucinogens?

Altered perceptions of reality Signup and view all the answers

Why are barbiturates used less commonly now in treating seizure disorders?

They carry a high risk of overdose and dependence Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT typically treated with CNS depressants?

Post-traumatic stress disorder Signup and view all the answers

What might cause withdrawal symptoms when stopping the use of CNS depressants?

Long-term use without tapering Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of hallucinogen use?

Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Celebrex (Celecoxib)?

Managing osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is associated with Clarithromycin?

QT prolongation Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided due to interactions when taking Imdur (Isosorbide Mononitrate)?

PDE5 inhibitors like sildenafil Signup and view all the answers

Which patient condition would contraindicate the use of Lasix (Furosemide)?

Renal dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk of long-term use of Prisolec (Omeprazole)?

Nutrient malabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Lisinopril?

Dry cough Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is Acyclovir primarily used?

Herpes simplex virus infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects might a patient taking Keflex (Cephalexin) experience?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary risk associated with the combined use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs?

Kidney damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with Percocet (Oxycodone/Acetaminophen)?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

Naprosyn (Naproxen) carries an important risk when used long-term. What is this risk?

Heart attack or stroke Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for the use of Vasotec (Enalapril)?

History of angioedema with ACE inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What type of drugs does NSAID refer to, and what is its primary use?

Pain relief and anti-inflammatory Signup and view all the answers

Gabapentin is used for which of the following conditions?

Seizures and neuropathic pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a serious side effect of Zyloprim (Allopurinol)?

Rash Signup and view all the answers

Sinemet (Carbidopa/Levodopa) is contraindicated in patients with which of the following conditions?

Narrow-angle glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Norvasc (Amlodipine)

Uses: Treats high blood pressure (hypertension) and angina (chest pain).
Side Effects: Swelling (edema), dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, nausea.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to amlodipine, severe hypotension, shock.
Important Info: Can interact with other blood pressure medications and increase the risk of low blood pressure.

Toradol (Ketorolac)

Uses: Short-term treatment of moderate to severe pain (post-surgery, injury).
Side Effects: Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, renal impairment, dizziness, headache.
Contraindications: Active peptic ulcer, GI bleeding, severe renal impairment.
Important Info: Not recommended for long-term use due to risks of gastrointestinal and kidney problems.

Tegretol (Carbamazepine)

Uses: Seizure disorders, trigeminal neuralgia, bipolar disorder.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, blood dyscrasias.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to carbamazepine, bone marrow suppression, MAO inhibitors use.
Important Info: Can interact with many medications; monitor blood levels.

Phenytoin

Uses: Seizure management.
Side Effects: Gum overgrowth, dizziness, drowsiness, rash, neuropathy.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to phenytoin, heart block.
Important Info: Requires regular blood tests for therapeutic levels; can interact with several drugs.

Elavil (Amitriptyline)

Uses: Depression, chronic pain, migraine prevention.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, weight gain, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision.
Contraindications: Recent heart attack, MAO inhibitors.
Important Info: Anticholinergic effects can be problematic for older adults.

Ativan (Lorazepam)

Uses: Anxiety, insomnia, seizure management, pre-surgery sedation.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, memory problems.
Contraindications: Severe respiratory insufficiency, sleep apnea, myasthenia gravis.
Important Info: Risk of dependence and withdrawal; avoid alcohol.

Irbesartan

Uses: Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy (kidney protection in diabetes).
Side Effects: Dizziness, hyperkalemia, hypotension, fatigue.
Contraindications: Pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Important Info: ACE inhibitors and ARBs should not be used together due to the risk of kidney damage.

Percocet (Oxycodone/Acetaminophen)

Uses: Moderate to severe pain relief.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, constipation, nausea, respiratory depression.
Contraindications: Respiratory depression, acute or severe asthma.
Important Info: Risk of addiction and overdose; monitor for signs of misuse.

Naprosyn (Naproxen)

Uses: Pain relief (inflammation, arthritis, menstrual cramps).
Side Effects: Gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, bleeding, headache.
Contraindications: Active GI bleeding, peptic ulcer, renal impairment.
Important Info: Can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke with long-term use.

Vasotec (Enalapril)

Uses: Hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease.
Side Effects: Dizziness, cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension.
Contraindications: Pregnancy, history of angioedema with ACE inhibitors.
Important Info: Monitor kidney function and blood pressure.

NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

Uses: Pain relief, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing).
Side Effects: GI bleeding, ulcers, kidney damage, cardiovascular risks.
Contraindications: Peptic ulcers, GI bleeding, kidney disease.
Important Info: Includes ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen, and others; long-term use should be closely monitored.

Neurontin (Gabapentin)

Uses: Seizures, neuropathic pain, restless leg syndrome.
Side Effects: Dizziness, fatigue, weight gain, peripheral edema.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to gabapentin.
Important Info: Can cause sedation; use with caution in patients with kidney problems

Zyloprim (Allopurinol)

Uses: Gout, kidney stones, and hyperuricemia management.
Side Effects: Rash, nausea, liver enzyme changes, hypersensitivity.
Contraindications: Acute gout flare, hypersensitivity to allopurinol.
Important Info: May interact with warfarin and other medications; drink plenty of fluids to avoid kidney stones.

Sinemet (Carbidopa/Levodopa)

Uses: Parkinson's disease, managing motor symptoms.
Side Effects: Nausea, dizziness, dyskinesia, hypotension.
Contraindications: Narrow-angle glaucoma, melanoma.
Important Info: Taper dose to avoid sudden motor complications.

Celebrex (Celecoxib)

Uses: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain.
Side Effects: GI distress, heart attack, stroke, hypertension.
Contraindications: History of heart disease, GI bleeding, sulfonamide allergy.
Important Info: Selective COX-2 inhibitor with a lower risk of GI bleeding than traditional NSAIDs.

Clarithromycin

Uses: Bacterial infections (e.g., pneumonia, skin infections).
Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, taste disturbance, QT prolongation.
Contraindications: Liver disease, macrolide allergy, QT prolongation.
Important Info: Can interact with other medications (e.g., statins, warfarin).

Keflex (Cephalexin)

Uses: Bacterial infections (skin, respiratory, urinary tract).
Side Effects: Diarrhea, nausea, rash, allergic reactions.
Contraindications: Penicillin allergy (cross-sensitivity), renal dysfunction.
Important Info: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic.

Imdur (Isosorbide Mononitrate)

Uses: Prevents angina (chest pain).
Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, hypotension.
Contraindications: Hypotension, recent use of PDE5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil).
Important Info: Can cause tolerance with prolonged use.

Lasix (Furosemide)

Uses: Edema, hypertension, heart failure.
Side Effects: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia), dizziness.
Contraindications: Anuria, severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance.
Important Info: Monitor electrolytes and kidney function.

Prisolec (Omeprazole)

Uses: GERD, peptic ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Side Effects: Headache, nausea, diarrhea, long-term bone fractures.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to omeprazole, use with clopidogrel.
Important Info: Proton pump inhibitor; avoid long-term use due to risks of nutrient malabsorption.

Lisinopril

Uses: Hypertension, heart failure, post-heart attack.
Side Effects: Dizziness, dry cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension.
Contraindications: Pregnancy, renal artery stenosis.
Important Info: ACE inhibitor; monitor kidney function and electrolytes.

Acyclovir

Uses: Herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections.
Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, headache, renal toxicity (IV form).
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to acyclovir.
Important Info: Monitor renal function with IV use.

Antifungal

Uses: Fungal infections (e.g., candidiasis, dermatophytes).
Side Effects: Nausea, liver toxicity, skin rash.
Contraindications: Hepatic impairment, drug interactions (e.g., with statins).
Important Info: Includes drugs like fluconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine.

Antibiotic

Uses: Bacterial infections.
Side Effects: Diarrhea, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal upset.
Contraindications: Known allergies to specific antibiotics (e.g., penicillin).
Important Info: Broad or narrow-spectrum; important to complete the full course to avoid resistance.

Antimicrobial

Uses: Treats infections caused by bacteria, viruses.

CNS Stimulants

Uses: Treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, short-term treatment of obesity.
Side Effects: Increased heart rate, blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, decreased appetite, headache, potential for abuse and addiction.
Contraindications: History of substance use disorder, cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, pregnancy.
Important Info: Common CNS stimulants include amphetamines, methylphenidate, and modafinil; risk of dependency and abuse. Dosage needs careful management.

CNS Depressants

Uses: Anxiety, panic disorders, insomnia, seizure disorders.
Side Effects: varies depending on specific drug
Contraindications: varies depending on specific drug

Muscle Relaxants

Uses: Muscle relaxation
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, respiratory depression, dependence, withdrawal.
Contraindications: Alcohol or opioid use, severe respiratory or hepatic impairment.
Important Info: Benzodiazepines, short-term anxiety treatment; Non-benzodiazepines for insomnia, less risk of dependence. Barbiturates are used less often due to high overdose risk. Withdrawal should be managed carefully.

Hallucinogens

Uses: Recreational use (e.g., LSD, psilocybin, MDMA), Potential for therapeutic use (e.g., psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression).
Side Effects: Hallucinations, altered perceptions of reality.
Important Info: Effects, doses, and expectations vary greatly; use should be closely monitored, especially in recreational contexts.
Contraindications: Psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), cardiovascular conditions, pregnancy.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on various medications including Norvasc, Toradol, and Tegretol. This quiz covers their uses, side effects, contraindications, and important interactions. Perfect for students or professionals in pharmacology.