Pharmacology

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Questions and Answers

What is pharmacodynamics?

The study of drug dosing and administration

The study of drug interactions with enzymes

The study of drug manufacturing processes

The study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (correct)

What are the main branches of pharmacology?

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics (correct)

Pharmacodynamics and toxicology

Pharmacokinetics and toxicology

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics

What does pharmacodynamics study?

How drugs are excreted from the body

How drugs are metabolized in the body

How an organism affects a drug

How a drug affects an organism (correct)

What do dose-response relationships in pharmacodynamics emphasize?

The relationships between drug concentration and effect Signup and view all the answers

What are the residual effects that may remain after the experience has concluded known as?

After effects Signup and view all the answers

What is colloquially known as an 'afterglow'?

Typically positive, pleasant effect Signup and view all the answers

How is the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) defined?

$K_d = \frac{[L][R]}{[LR]}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic window of a medication?

The amount of medication between the effective dose and the amount that gives more adverse effects than desired effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action of a drug influenced by?

Plasma half-life, time to equilibrate between plasma and target compartments, and the off rate of the drug from its biological target Signup and view all the answers

What does the onset phase of a drug refer to?

The period until the very first changes in perception are detected Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for the widest class of drugs?

Binding to receptors and eliciting their normal action Signup and view all the answers

How were general anesthetics once thought to work?

By disordering neural membranes and altering Na+ influx Signup and view all the answers

What alters the production or metabolism of key endogenous chemicals?

Enzyme-substrate binding Signup and view all the answers

What is the total duration of a substance?

The amount of time it takes for the effects of a substance to completely wear off into sobriety Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary desired activity of a drug mainly due to?

Successful targeting of cellular membrane disruption, chemical reactions with downstream effects, interaction with enzyme proteins, structural proteins, carrier proteins, ion channels, and ligand binding to receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for antacids and chelating agents?

Combining chemically in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak phase of a substance's effects?

The period of time in which the intensity of the substance's effects is at its height Signup and view all the answers

What does the widest class of drugs primarily act as?

Ligands that bind to receptors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharmacological Actions and Effects of Drugs

Drugs can have 7 main actions: stimulating, depressing, blocking, stabilizing, exchanging, direct beneficial chemical reaction, and direct harmful chemical reaction.
The desired activity of a drug is mainly due to successful targeting of cellular membrane disruption, chemical reactions with downstream effects, interaction with enzyme proteins, structural proteins, carrier proteins, ion channels, and ligand binding to receptors.
General anesthetics were once thought to work by disordering neural membranes and altering Na+ influx, while antacids and chelating agents combine chemically in the body.
Enzyme-substrate binding alters the production or metabolism of key endogenous chemicals, for example, aspirin irreversibly inhibits the enzyme prostaglandin synthetase.
The widest class of drugs act as ligands that bind to receptors, eliciting their normal action (agonist), blocked action (antagonist), or even action opposite to normal (inverse agonist).
The therapeutic window is the amount of medication between the effective dose and the amount that gives more adverse effects than desired effects.
The duration of action of a drug is a function of several parameters including plasma half-life, the time to equilibrate between plasma and target compartments, and the off rate of the drug from its biological target.
In recreational psychoactive drug spaces, duration refers to the length of time over which the subjective effects of a psychoactive substance manifest themselves.
The total duration of a substance is the amount of time it takes for the effects of a substance to completely wear off into sobriety, starting from the moment the substance is first administered.
The onset phase is the period until the very first changes in perception (i.e. "first alerts") are able to be detected.
The "come up" phase is the period between the first noticeable changes in perception and the point of highest subjective intensity, colloquially known as "coming up."
The peak phase is the period of time in which the intensity of the substance's effects is at its height.

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Description

Test your knowledge of pharmacological actions and effects of drugs with this quiz. Explore the mechanisms of drug activity, from cellular membrane disruption to ligand binding to receptors, and learn about drug duration, onset, and peak phases.