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Pharmacology Overview and Respiratory Care
40 Questions
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Pharmacology Overview and Respiratory Care

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@MagnificentComet

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of pharmacogenetics?

  • The study of drug toxicity
  • The study of natural sources of drugs
  • The process of compounding medicines
  • The effects of genetic factors on drug reactions (correct)

    • Which branch of pharmacology deals with the preparation and dispensing of medical drugs?

  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacy (correct)
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Therapeutics

    • What does pharmacognosy primarily focus on?

  • The treatment of diseases with drugs
  • The effects of drugs on the human body
  • The study of plants and natural sources for medicinal drugs (correct)
  • The side effects and toxicity of medications

    • Which of the following areas is least likely to be classified under pharmacology?

    <p>Nutrition science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of therapeutics in pharmacology?

    <p>The branch focused on the prevention and treatment of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of pharmacology is focused on the dangerous effects and potential poisoning from drugs?

    <p>Toxicology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacology, which term is related to the understanding of how drugs interact with the body?

    <p>Pharmacology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fields is directly concerned with the genetic factors affecting drug responses?

    <p>Pharmacogenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of toxicology?

    <p>Studying the nature and effects of poisons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of aerosolized agents given by inhalation?

    <p>Painful administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the goal when using therapeutics for treatment?

    <p>To use the smallest effective dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug group is NOT related to respiratory care?

    <p>Anticoagulant agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agents are Pentamidine classified as?

    <p>Anti-infective agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of current therapeutics for asthma?

    <p>They can include aerosolized agents for quick relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding drug action principles?

    <p>Each drug is designed to target a specific system or disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be considered when analyzing the effects of a drug in toxicology?

    <p>The concentration of medication in the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process by which a drug is transported to its sites of action, eliminated, or stored?

    <p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most directly affected by the amount of drug in the body and its plasma concentration?

    <p>Volume of Distribution (VD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the alteration of drug activity due to chronic drug administration?

    <p>Enzyme induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a method of transport for drug absorption?

    <p>Forced diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect called when a drug's effect is reduced after it passes through the liver?

    <p>First-pass effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isoenzyme families are most important in drug biotransformation?

    <p>CYP1, CYP2, CYP3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of pharmacokinetics is particularly affected by the route and nature of drug inhalation?

    <p>Absorption rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The potency of a drug is defined as the dose producing what percentage of the drug’s maximal effect?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of a metered dose inhaler (MDI)?

    <p>Nebulizer chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor that can affect the performance of a metered dose inhaler?

    <p>Loss of dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about breath-actuated metered dose inhalers is correct?

    <p>They are currently off the market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What propellant has improved drug delivery in metered dose inhalers?

    <p>Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does the Respimat Soft-Mist Inhaler use for drug delivery?

    <p>Mechanical energy via a tension spring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the technical description of a metered dose inhaler?

    <p>Mouthpiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What storage condition can impact the performance of a metered dose inhaler?

    <p>Storage temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with the correct use of metered dose inhalers?

    <p>Timing of actuation intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason Drug A is considered more potent than Drug B?

    <p>Drug A requires a lower dose to achieve the same effect as Drug B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has a lower maximal effect compared to another drug?

    <p>Drug C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the therapeutic index (TI) represent?

    <p>The ratio of LD50 to ED50.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can lead to variations in patient response to drugs?

    <p>Hereditary differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of aerosol delivery of drugs?

    <p>The onset of drug action is rapid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one main use of aerosol therapy?

    <p>Humidification of dry inspired gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about aerosol therapy is true?

    <p>It has fewer systemic side effects compared to other delivery methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does aerosol therapy enhance the mobilization of respiratory secretions?

    <p>By humidifying the airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacology Overview

    • Pharmacology involves the study of drugs, including their preparation, effects, and therapeutic usage.
    • Key branches include:
      • Pharmacy: Preparation and dispensing of medications.
      • Pharmacognosy: Study of drugs derived from natural sources.
      • Pharmacogenetics: Effects of genetic factors on drug responses.
      • Therapeutics: Application of drugs to treat disease.
      • Toxicology: Study of poisons and their effects.

    Respiratory Care Pharmacology

    • Focuses on aerosolized agents delivered by inhalation with key benefits:
      • Smaller doses with fewer side effects.
      • Rapid onset of action targeting the respiratory system.
      • Generally painless and safe method of delivery.
    • Related drug groups include:
      • Anti-infective agents (e.g., Pentamidine).
      • Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA).
      • Central nervous system agents (pain/anxiety).
      • Antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive agents.
      • Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and diuretics.

    Principles of Drug Action

    • Pharmacokinetics: The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
      • Absorption: Influenced by factors like bioavailability via:
        • Aqueous and lipid diffusion.
        • Carrier-mediated transport.
        • Pinocytosis.
      • Distribution: Drug transportation to action sites, defined by the Volume of Distribution (VD).
      • Metabolism: Biotransformation of drugs, involving enzyme families like CYP1, CYP2, CYP3, and CYP4.
      • Consider the first-pass effect in systemic circulation.

    Potency and Therapeutic Index

    • Potency: Amount of drug needed to achieve 50% of its maximal effect.
    • Therapeutic Index (TI): Ratio of the lethal dose for 50% of subjects (LD50) to the effective dose for 50% (ED50).

    Pharmacogenetics

    • Examines how genetic variations affect individual responses to drugs.
    • Examples include reactions to isoniazid, succinylcholine, and isoflurane.

    Aerosolized Drug Administration

    • Three main uses of aerosol therapy:
      • Humidification of dry gases.
      • Mobilization and clearance of respiratory secretions.
      • Delivery of aerosolized drugs directly to the respiratory tract.
    • Advantages of aerosol delivery:
      • Targeted drug action with smaller doses.
      • Rapid onset and fewer systemic side effects.

    Aerosol Delivery Devices

    • Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs):
      • Types include conventional and breath-actuated.
      • Components: canister, propellant, drug formulary, metering valve, actuator, dose counter.
      • Performance can be affected by factors such as dose loss, shaking, and timing of actuation.
    • Respimat Soft-Mist Inhaler:
      • Propellant-free and uses mechanical energy for drug delivery (e.g., Combivent Respimat).

    Summary of Key Concepts

    • Aim to use the smallest effective dose possible for treatments.
    • Aerosol medications provide unique advantages, particularly in respiratory care.
    • Understanding pharmacokinetics, potency, and individual genetics is essential for optimal drug therapy.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential topics in pharmacology, including the key branches such as pharmacy, pharmacognosy, pharmacogenetics, therapeutics, and toxicology. It also delves into respiratory care pharmacology, focusing on aerosolized agents and their benefits. Test your knowledge on drug preparation, effects, and therapeutic usages.

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