Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary objective of tuberculosis treatment?
What is the primary objective of tuberculosis treatment?
- Prevent disease transmission (correct)
- Eliminate all symptoms immediately
- Achieve a persistent immune response
- Introduce new strains of bacteria
Which of the following drugs is classified as a first line antituberculosis drug?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a first line antituberculosis drug?
- Moxifloxacin
- Isoniazid (correct)
- Azithromycin
- Ciprofloxacin
What characterizes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?
What characterizes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?
- Resistance to isoniazid and rifampin (correct)
- Only responsive to first-line drugs
- Highly contagious strain only
- Resistance to all known antibiotics
What does Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) help ensure?
What does Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) help ensure?
What is commonly a rationale for combination antimicrobial therapy in tuberculosis treatment?
What is commonly a rationale for combination antimicrobial therapy in tuberculosis treatment?
What is true about latent tuberculosis infection?
What is true about latent tuberculosis infection?
What is an important aspect of the pharmacokinetics of first-line antituberculosis drugs?
What is an important aspect of the pharmacokinetics of first-line antituberculosis drugs?
Which of the following is NOT a major effect of first-line antituberculosis drugs?
Which of the following is NOT a major effect of first-line antituberculosis drugs?
What defines extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis?
What defines extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis?
What does DOTS refer to in tuberculosis management?
What does DOTS refer to in tuberculosis management?
How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted?
How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted?
What is the primary treatment approach for active tuberculosis?
What is the primary treatment approach for active tuberculosis?
What is considered as prophylactic treatment for latent tuberculosis?
What is considered as prophylactic treatment for latent tuberculosis?
Which bacterium is primarily responsible for tuberculosis?
Which bacterium is primarily responsible for tuberculosis?
What is one of the general therapeutic objectives in treating pulmonary tuberculosis?
What is one of the general therapeutic objectives in treating pulmonary tuberculosis?
Which of the following is NOT a form of drug action in tuberculosis treatment?
Which of the following is NOT a form of drug action in tuberculosis treatment?
What is the primary site of action for isoniazid?
What is the primary site of action for isoniazid?
What is the mechanism of action (MoA) of isoniazid?
What is the mechanism of action (MoA) of isoniazid?
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of isoniazid?
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of isoniazid?
What is a significant adverse effect of isoniazid?
What is a significant adverse effect of isoniazid?
How does isoniazid exhibit its bactericidal activity?
How does isoniazid exhibit its bactericidal activity?
Which other first-line anti-tuberculosis drug is commonly used alongside isoniazid?
Which other first-line anti-tuberculosis drug is commonly used alongside isoniazid?
Which statement best describes isoniazid's activity against other mycobacteria?
Which statement best describes isoniazid's activity against other mycobacteria?
What gastrointestinal side effect is associated with isoniazid use?
What gastrointestinal side effect is associated with isoniazid use?
What effect does isoniazid have on acetaminophen?
What effect does isoniazid have on acetaminophen?
Which is a mechanism of action for rifampin?
Which is a mechanism of action for rifampin?
What is a common side effect of rifampin?
What is a common side effect of rifampin?
Which condition can arise from phenytoin being used with isoniazid?
Which condition can arise from phenytoin being used with isoniazid?
What type of infections is rifampin primarily used to treat?
What type of infections is rifampin primarily used to treat?
What can happen if rifampin is used as a single drug?
What can happen if rifampin is used as a single drug?
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of rifampin?
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of rifampin?
What is the primary action of rifampin on mycobacteria?
What is the primary action of rifampin on mycobacteria?
What side effects are specifically noted as dose-related for isoniazid?
What side effects are specifically noted as dose-related for isoniazid?
What is the suggested preventative measure for the neurologic side effects caused by isoniazid?
What is the suggested preventative measure for the neurologic side effects caused by isoniazid?
Which condition indicates significant hepatotoxicity in a patient taking isoniazid?
Which condition indicates significant hepatotoxicity in a patient taking isoniazid?
What is a potential interaction that reduces the absorption of isoniazid?
What is a potential interaction that reduces the absorption of isoniazid?
What metabolic process affects the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid?
What metabolic process affects the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid?
Which metabolite of isoniazid is associated with hepatotoxicity?
Which metabolite of isoniazid is associated with hepatotoxicity?
What genetic factor influences the metabolism of isoniazid?
What genetic factor influences the metabolism of isoniazid?
What symptom is NOT associated with INH-induced hepatotoxicity?
What symptom is NOT associated with INH-induced hepatotoxicity?
Flashcards
Therapeutic objective of TB treatment
Therapeutic objective of TB treatment
Reduce TB transmission, lessen sickness and death, and speed up recovery for TB patients.
First-line TB drugs
First-line TB drugs
Common drugs used to treat TB, including Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol.
MDR-TB
MDR-TB
Multidrug-resistant TB, where bacteria resist at least Isoniazid and Rifampin.
XDR-TB
XDR-TB
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Isoniazid's MOA (Mechanism of Action)
Isoniazid's MOA (Mechanism of Action)
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Rifampin's MOA
Rifampin's MOA
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Isoniazid's side effects
Isoniazid's side effects
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Hepatotoxicity of Isoniazid
Hepatotoxicity of Isoniazid
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Rifampin's side effect categories
Rifampin's side effect categories
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Isoniazid absorption
Isoniazid absorption
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Isoniazid metabolism
Isoniazid metabolism
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Caution for Isoniazid use
Caution for Isoniazid use
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Rifampin's pharmacological action
Rifampin's pharmacological action
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Isoniazid-related hepatotoxicity symptoms
Isoniazid-related hepatotoxicity symptoms
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Rifampin side effects
Rifampin side effects
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Isoniazid's role in TB treatment
Isoniazid's role in TB treatment
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Rifampin's role in TB treatment
Rifampin's role in TB treatment
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Increased hepatotoxicity of Isoniazid
Increased hepatotoxicity of Isoniazid
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Study Notes
Therapeutic Objectives of Tuberculosis Treatment
- Aim to reduce transmission of tuberculosis (TB) among the population.
- Decrease morbidity and mortality associated with active TB.
- Facilitate rapid recovery and restoration of health in affected individuals.
Classification of Anti-TB Drugs
- First-line drugs include:
- Isoniazid
- Rifampin
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) occurs when strains resist at least isoniazid and rifampin.
- Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) shows resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, a fluoroquinolone, and an aminoglycoside.
Mechanism of Action and Pharmacokinetics of First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs
-
Isoniazid:
- Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids essential for mycobacterial cell walls.
- Display bactericidal activity against susceptible M. tuberculosis strains.
- Can cause hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal upset, and neurologic side effects.
-
Rifampin:
- Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking RNA production.
- Exhibits bactericidal activity against mycobacteria and is the first-line agent for TB.
- Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, CNS effects, and dermatologic reactions.
Pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid
- Absorbed rapidly after oral administration, with bioavailability reduced when taken with food.
- Metabolized primarily by acetylation, results can vary with genetic differences in patients.
- Caution advised for use in patients with liver disease due to potential hepatotoxicity.
Hepatotoxicity of Isoniazid
- Symptoms of toxicity include elevated transaminases and bilirubin, alongside signs of nausea and jaundice.
- Hepatotoxicity linked to N-acetyl transferase metabolism and reactive intermediate formation.
- Risk of increased hepatotoxic effects when combined with acetaminophen or phenytoin.
Side Effects of Rifampin
- Gastrointestinal issues like nausea and diarrhea are frequently reported.
- Central nervous system effects may include headache and fever.
- Potential dermatologic effects include rash and itching.
- Hematological side effects can manifest as thrombocytopenia and neutropenia.
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