Pharmacology of Antibiotics and Toxicities

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Questions and Answers

What does 'Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder' represent?

Antifungal agents

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

Bactericidal antibiotics (correct)

Viral inhibitors

Which antibiotics are 30S protein synthesis inhibitors?

Tetracyclines (correct)

Chloramphenicol

Aminoglycosides (correct)

Erythromycin

What does 'mean' GNATS refer to?

Aminoglycosides

TMP = Treats ______ Poorly.

Marrow Signup and view all the answers

What does INH stand for?

Isoniazid Signup and view all the answers

What are rifampin's 4 R's?

RNA polymerase inhibition, revs up microsomal P-450, red/orange body fluids, rapid resistance when used alone. Signup and view all the answers

What does Amantadine do?

Blocks viral penetration/uncoating Signup and view all the answers

All protease inhibitors end in -navir.

True Signup and view all the answers

Organisms not covered by cephalosporins are ______.

LAME Signup and view all the answers

What organisms are covered by 1st generation cephalosporins?

PEcK Signup and view all the answers

What organisms are covered by 2nd generation cephalosporins?

HEN PEcKS Signup and view all the answers

What does 'amp/amox HELPSS' refer to?

Clinical use of ampicillin/amoxicillin Signup and view all the answers

Antipseudomonals include ______.

TCP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are beta lactamase inhibitors?

Tazobactam Signup and view all the answers

The toxicity of vancomycin can lead to ______.

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are treated by metronidazole?

Giardia Signup and view all the answers

Antimicrobials to avoid in pregnancy include ______.

Clarithromycin, Sulfonamides, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Tetracyclines, Ribavirin, Griseofulvin, Chloramphenicol Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bactericidal Antibiotics

Mnemonic: Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder
Includes: Vancomycin, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Metronidazole

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Mnemonic: buy AT 30, CCELL (sell) at 50
30S Inhibitors: Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines
50S Inhibitors: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Lincomycin, Linezolid

Aminoglycosides Overview

Mnemonic: "mean" GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes
Includes: Gentamycin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin
Characteristics:
- Nephrotoxic (especially with cephalosporins)
- Ototoxic (especially with loop diuretics)
- Teratogenic
Mechanism: Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting initiation complex and causing mRNA misreading

Trimethoprim Toxicity

Mnemonic: TMP = Treats Marrow Poorly
Adverse effects: Megaloblastic anemia, Leukopenia, Granulocytopenia

Isoniazid Toxicity

Mnemonic: INH = Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes
Adverse effects: Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Lupus-like syndrome

Rifampin Characteristics

Rifampin's 4 R's:
- RNA polymerase inhibition
- Induces microsomal P-450
- Cause red/orange body fluids
- Rapid resistance when used alone

Antiviral Mechanism

Mnemonic: "A man to dine" takes off his coat
Mechanism: Amantadine blocks viral penetration and uncoating

Protease Inhibitors

Mnemonic: NAVIR TEASE a proTEASE
All protease inhibitors end with -navir

Cephalosporin Coverage

Organisms not covered: Mnemonic: are LAME
- Listeria, Atypicals (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma), MRSA, Enterococci
Organisms covered by 1st gen: Mnemonic: PEcK
- Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, gram-positive cocci
Organisms covered by 2nd gen: Mnemonic: HEN PEcKS
- Hemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., additional Gram negatives

Clinical Use of Aminopenicillins

Mnemonic: "amp/amox HELPSS kill enterococci"
Treats: Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterococci
Amoxicillin has better oral bioavailability than ampicillin

Antipseudomonal Antibiotics

Mnemonic: TCP Takes Care of Pseudomonas
Includes: Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, effective against Gram-negative rods

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

Mnemonic: CAST
Includes: Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam

Vancomycin Toxicity

Adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis

Metronidazole Use

Mnemonic: "GET GAP on the Metro!"
Treats: Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes (Bacteroides, C. difficile), H. pylori (with bismuth and amoxicillin/tetracycline)

Antimicrobials to Avoid in Pregnancy

Mnemonic: "Countless SAFe Moms Take Really Good Care"
Drugs to avoid:
- Clarithromycin (embryotoxic)
- Sulfonamides (kernicterus)
- Aminoglycosides (ototoxicity)
- Fluoroquinolones (cartilage damage)
- Metronidazole (mutagenesis)
- Tetracyclines (discolored teeth, growth inhibition)
- Ribavirin (teratogenic)
- Griseofulvin (teratogenic)
- Chloramphenicol ("gray baby syndrome")

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Description

Explore the various classes of antibiotics, including bactericidal antibiotics and protein synthesis inhibitors. This quiz covers their characteristics, mnemonics, and associated toxicities, providing a comprehensive overview of important pharmacology concepts. Test your knowledge on antibiotics and their mechanisms of action now!