Questions and Answers
What does 'Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder' represent?
Which antibiotics are 30S protein synthesis inhibitors?
What does 'mean' GNATS refer to?
Aminoglycosides
TMP = Treats ______ Poorly.
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What does INH stand for?
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What are rifampin's 4 R's?
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What does Amantadine do?
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All protease inhibitors end in -navir.
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Organisms not covered by cephalosporins are ______.
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What organisms are covered by 1st generation cephalosporins?
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What organisms are covered by 2nd generation cephalosporins?
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What does 'amp/amox HELPSS' refer to?
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Antipseudomonals include ______.
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Which of the following are beta lactamase inhibitors?
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The toxicity of vancomycin can lead to ______.
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Which organisms are treated by metronidazole?
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Antimicrobials to avoid in pregnancy include ______.
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Study Notes
Bactericidal Antibiotics
- Mnemonic: Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder
- Includes: Vancomycin, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Metronidazole
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Mnemonic: buy AT 30, CCELL (sell) at 50
- 30S Inhibitors: Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines
- 50S Inhibitors: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Lincomycin, Linezolid
Aminoglycosides Overview
- Mnemonic: "mean" GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes
- Includes: Gentamycin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin
- Characteristics:
- Nephrotoxic (especially with cephalosporins)
- Ototoxic (especially with loop diuretics)
- Teratogenic
- Mechanism: Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting initiation complex and causing mRNA misreading
Trimethoprim Toxicity
- Mnemonic: TMP = Treats Marrow Poorly
- Adverse effects: Megaloblastic anemia, Leukopenia, Granulocytopenia
Isoniazid Toxicity
- Mnemonic: INH = Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes
- Adverse effects: Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Lupus-like syndrome
Rifampin Characteristics
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Rifampin's 4 R's:
- RNA polymerase inhibition
- Induces microsomal P-450
- Cause red/orange body fluids
- Rapid resistance when used alone
Antiviral Mechanism
- Mnemonic: "A man to dine" takes off his coat
- Mechanism: Amantadine blocks viral penetration and uncoating
Protease Inhibitors
- Mnemonic: NAVIR TEASE a proTEASE
- All protease inhibitors end with -navir
Cephalosporin Coverage
- Organisms not covered: Mnemonic: are LAME
- Listeria, Atypicals (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma), MRSA, Enterococci
- Organisms covered by 1st gen: Mnemonic: PEcK
- Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, gram-positive cocci
- Organisms covered by 2nd gen: Mnemonic: HEN PEcKS
- Hemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., additional Gram negatives
Clinical Use of Aminopenicillins
- Mnemonic: "amp/amox HELPSS kill enterococci"
- Treats: Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterococci
- Amoxicillin has better oral bioavailability than ampicillin
Antipseudomonal Antibiotics
- Mnemonic: TCP Takes Care of Pseudomonas
- Includes: Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, effective against Gram-negative rods
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
- Mnemonic: CAST
- Includes: Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam
Vancomycin Toxicity
- Adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis
Metronidazole Use
- Mnemonic: "GET GAP on the Metro!"
- Treats: Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes (Bacteroides, C. difficile), H. pylori (with bismuth and amoxicillin/tetracycline)
Antimicrobials to Avoid in Pregnancy
- Mnemonic: "Countless SAFe Moms Take Really Good Care"
- Drugs to avoid:
- Clarithromycin (embryotoxic)
- Sulfonamides (kernicterus)
- Aminoglycosides (ototoxicity)
- Fluoroquinolones (cartilage damage)
- Metronidazole (mutagenesis)
- Tetracyclines (discolored teeth, growth inhibition)
- Ribavirin (teratogenic)
- Griseofulvin (teratogenic)
- Chloramphenicol ("gray baby syndrome")
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Description
Explore the various classes of antibiotics, including bactericidal antibiotics and protein synthesis inhibitors. This quiz covers their characteristics, mnemonics, and associated toxicities, providing a comprehensive overview of important pharmacology concepts. Test your knowledge on antibiotics and their mechanisms of action now!
