Pharmacology of Antibiotics

Thyrotropin

• Thyrotropin exerts synergistic effects with beta-lactam antibiotics against selected organisms.
• Thyrotropin's antibacterial action involves binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit and subsequent inhibition of peptidyltransferase.

Clinical Resistance

• Clinical resistance occurs through plasmid-mediated formation of group transferase-inactivating enzymes.
• Staphylococci resistant to methicillin are usually resistant to aminoglycosides.

Cancer Chemotherapy

• MESNA is an important adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy involving cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide to prevent urotoxicity.
• Pritor is of the same therapeutic class and indication as Hypace and Diovan.

Antibiotics

• Cidofovir is a protease inhibitor.
• Acyclovir is not a protease inhibitor.
• Nelfinavir is a protease inhibitor.

Vasopressin and Somatomedin

• Vasopressin and somatomedin exert synergistic effects with beta-lactam antibiotics against selected organisms.

Cancer Treatment

• The primary reason for the use of drug combinations in the treatment of TB is to delay the emergence of resistance.

Antineoplastic Agents

• Daunorubucin is an antineoplastic agent.
• Vincristine is an antineoplastic agent.

Filariasis and Lymphatic Obstructive Disease

• Filariasis is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi.
• Eradication of the microfilaria can be accomplished by the use of diethylcarbamazine.

Anti-Parkinson's Agents

• Ropinerole is a dopaminergic anti-parkinson's agent.
• Pergolide is a dopaminergic anti-parkinson's agent.

Cell Cycle Phase-Specific Agent

• Vinblastine is a cell cycle phase-specific agent.

N-Acetylcysteine

• N-acetylcysteine is used as a mucolytic agent.
• It is marketed as Acetadote, Fluimucil, and Hidonac.

Cluviscol Tablets

• Cluviscol tablets contain Vitamin D2 400 IU, Calcium 120mg, Ferrous fumarate 15mg, and Vitamin C 150mg.

Cancer Chemotherapy and Adjuvants

• MESNA is an important adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy involving cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide to prevent urotoxicity.

Toxins and Metals

• Chronic exposure to arsenic results in hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles.
• Saxitoxin is a toxin produced by puffer fish.

Insecticides and Pesticides

• Bordeaux is a mixture of copper and arsenic salt that is used to control insects.
• Pyrethrin is a natural compound derived from Urginea maritime and is effective in controlling rodents.

Vitamins and Toxins

• Exposure to vitamin A can cause hypocalcemia.

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

• Medications are causally implicated in 80-90% of toxic epidermal necrolysis cases.

Overdose Management

• Whole bowel irrigation is the most effective process for evacuating the intestinal tract in poisoned patients.