Pharmacology Drug Distribution Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor affecting the active concentration of a drug in the bloodstream?

  • Volume of distribution
  • Protein binding of the drug (correct)
  • Rate of metabolism
  • Route of administration

    • How does protein binding influence the clearance of a drug?

  • It increases the filtration rate at the glomeruli.
  • It has no effect on clearance.
  • It enhances metabolic degradation.
  • It reduces the amount of drug available for filtration. (correct)

    • Which compartment is NOT typically involved in drug distribution within the body?

  • Intracellular fluid (correct)
  • Interstitial fluid
  • Trans-cellular compartment
  • Plasma

    • Which drug is likely to have a longer duration of action due to high protein binding?

    <p>Phenylbutazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the blood-brain barrier on drug distribution?

    <p>It selectively permits certain drugs passage based on their properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the volume of distribution (VD) represent?

    <p>An apparent volume needed for uniform drug distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes the plasma concentration behavior after intravenous administration?

    <p>Concentration falls sharply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which barrier allows the passage of non-ionized drugs to the fetus?

    <p>Placental barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen to a drug's concentration in the hepatic tissue compared to its plasma concentration?

    <p>Hepatic concentration may persist higher for some time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for the sharp decline in plasma concentration after intravenous drug administration?

    <p>Rapid metabolism and excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily involved in phase-I drug metabolism?

    <p>Oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis of drug molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is primarily responsible for metabolizing more than 60% of clinically prescribed drugs in the liver?

    <p>Cytochrome P450.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of phase-II reactions in drug metabolism?

    <p>They combine drug metabolites with endogenous substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is considered an enzyme inhibitor that can affect drug metabolism?

    <p>Grapefruit juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the biotransformation process generally differ in the elderly compared to younger individuals?

    <p>Elderly individuals experience deterioration of hepatic enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of biotransformation reaction involves the transfer of a sulfate group to drug molecules?

    <p>Sulfate conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during microsomal oxidation in phase-I metabolism?

    <p>Introduction of an oxygen atom to drug molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction is LEAST likely to be involved in phase-I drug metabolism?

    <p>Conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis in drug metabolism?

    <p>Enzymatic process that involves the addition of water to split drug molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drug types would most likely undergo glycine conjugation?

    <p>Aromatic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'apparent volume of distribution' (VD) refer to?

    <p>The volume into which a drug would need to be distributed to achieve a certain plasma concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does protein binding affect drug distribution in the body?

    <p>It delays the metabolic degradation of the drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically a determinant of drug distribution?

    <p>Drug formulation type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of high protein binding of drugs?

    <p>Prolonged action of the drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the blood-brain barrier play in drug distribution?

    <p>It selectively permits the distribution of certain drugs based on their properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological barrier allows non-ionized drugs to diffuse to the fetus?

    <p>Placental barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of clearance on drug distribution?

    <p>It decreases the concentration of the drug in the plasma over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a drug with high affinity to certain organs?

    <p>It may persist in the tissues even when plasma concentration is low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After intravenous administration, what is typically observed regarding plasma concentration?

    <p>Rapid initial rise followed by a sharp fall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasma concentration of a drug in the context of drug distribution?

    <p>It reflects the concentration available for therapeutic effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of drug metabolism in the body?

    <p>To convert drugs into polar compounds for excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is classified as a non-microsomal enzyme involved in drug metabolism?

    <p>Esterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is characterized by the transfer of a methyl group to a drug molecule?

    <p>Methylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does enzyme induction have on drug metabolism?

    <p>Stimulates drug metabolism and clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metabolic processes is typically more active in neonates compared to adults?

    <p>Phase-II glucuronidation reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cytochrome P450 play in drug metabolism?

    <p>It oxidizes or reduces drug molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs is most commonly subjected to glucuronidation?

    <p>Drugs containing hydroxyl, amino, or carboxyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to slower drug metabolism in elderly individuals?

    <p>Deterioration of hepatic enzymes and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance can serve as a classical example of an enzyme inhibitor in drug metabolism?

    <p>Grapefruit juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of genetic differences in drug metabolism?

    <p>Variability in response to drugs like slow acetylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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