Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which enzyme is the most abundant in drug metabolism?
Which enzyme is the most abundant in drug metabolism?
Which drug is an example of a prodrug?
Which drug is an example of a prodrug?
Which drug is incapable of becoming ionized?
Which drug is incapable of becoming ionized?
Which drug has a high first-pass effect?
Which drug has a high first-pass effect?
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Which drug is uniformly distributed in body water?
Which drug is uniformly distributed in body water?
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Which drug has a permanently ionized form?
Which drug has a permanently ionized form?
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Which drug exhibits a high first-pass effect?
Which drug exhibits a high first-pass effect?
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Which drug is an example of a prodrug?
Which drug is an example of a prodrug?
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Which enzyme is involved in Phase I reactions of drug metabolism?
Which enzyme is involved in Phase I reactions of drug metabolism?
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'Warfarin' exhibits which characteristic in terms of apparent volume of distribution (aVd)?
'Warfarin' exhibits which characteristic in terms of apparent volume of distribution (aVd)?
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Study Notes
Drug Metabolism Overview
- CYP450 Enzymes: The most abundant enzymes in drug metabolism, crucial for biotransformation of various drugs.
Prodrugs
- Prodrugs: Drugs that are inactive until metabolized into their active form; examples include Codeine and Enalapril.
Ionization Properties
- Non-ionizable Drugs: Drugs that cannot become ionized generally have specific structural properties, such as Lipophilic substances or certain neutral compounds.
First-Pass Effect
- Drugs with High First-Pass Effect: Substances like Nitroglycerin undergo significant metabolism in the liver before entering systemic circulation.
Distribution of Drugs
- Uniform Distribution in Body Water: Drugs like Ethanol tend to distribute evenly across body fluids due to their small molecular size and water solubility.
Permanently Ionized Drugs
- Permanently Ionized Drugs: Certain drugs, such as Aminoglycosides, have a constant ionized form due to their chemical structure and pH.
Phase I Reactions
- Phase I Reactions: The enzymes involved primarily include members of the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, responsible for oxidation and reduction processes in drug metabolism.
Warfarin Characteristics
- Warfarin: Exhibits a low apparent volume of distribution (aVd) indicating it is highly protein-bound, limiting its distribution in body compartments.
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Description
Test your knowledge of drug administration routes, pH and ionization of drugs, first-pass metabolism, and drug distribution patterns in the body.
