Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common method of dosage calculation in pediatric patients?
What is the most common method of dosage calculation in pediatric patients?
Which method is considered the most accurate for dosage calculation in neonates?
Which method is considered the most accurate for dosage calculation in neonates?
During which trimester of pregnancy is exposure to drugs most detrimental?
During which trimester of pregnancy is exposure to drugs most detrimental?
What factor complicates drug therapy in older adults, specifically concerning multiple prescriptions?
What factor complicates drug therapy in older adults, specifically concerning multiple prescriptions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which category of controlled substances has the highest potential for abuse?
Which category of controlled substances has the highest potential for abuse?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common drug-related concern during lactation?
What is a common drug-related concern during lactation?
Signup and view all the answers
What term is used to describe the legal and ethical requirement for patients to understand treatments before consenting?
What term is used to describe the legal and ethical requirement for patients to understand treatments before consenting?
Signup and view all the answers
Which physiological change in the elderly can significantly affect drug dosing?
Which physiological change in the elderly can significantly affect drug dosing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation?
What is the term used to describe the fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following refers to the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to reduce by half?
Which of the following refers to the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to reduce by half?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following terms describes the conversion of a drug into its active metabolites?
Which of the following terms describes the conversion of a drug into its active metabolites?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'first-pass effect' refer to in pharmacology?
What does the term 'first-pass effect' refer to in pharmacology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of drug therapy aims to relieve symptoms without curing the underlying condition?
Which type of drug therapy aims to relieve symptoms without curing the underlying condition?
Signup and view all the answers
How many half-lives does it typically take for a drug to reach steady-state concentration in the bloodstream?
How many half-lives does it typically take for a drug to reach steady-state concentration in the bloodstream?
Signup and view all the answers
Which terms best describe the study of drugs and their effects on the body?
Which terms best describe the study of drugs and their effects on the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What term refers to drugs that are inactive until they are metabolized into active forms in the body?
What term refers to drugs that are inactive until they are metabolized into active forms in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines the term 'adverse drug event'?
What defines the term 'adverse drug event'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of medications is classified as high-alert medications?
Which type of medications is classified as high-alert medications?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference between prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs?
What is the primary difference between prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common risk associated with the use of OTC drugs?
Which of the following is a common risk associated with the use of OTC drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which legislation is significant to regulating herbal and dietary supplements?
Which legislation is significant to regulating herbal and dietary supplements?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be a factor associated with medication errors?
What can be a factor associated with medication errors?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'iatrogenic effects' refer to?
What does the term 'iatrogenic effects' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key criterion for a drug to receive OTC status?
What is a key criterion for a drug to receive OTC status?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Pharmacology Basics
- This study guide helps students structure their study habits. Students are responsible for lecture and textbook material.
Chapter 02 - Pharmacologic Principles
- Recall common pharmacology terms: Absorption, Bioequivalence, Bioavailability, Biotransformation, Cumulative effects, Distribution, Drug elimination, Duration of action, Efficacy, Excretion, Half-life, Metabolism, Potency, Prodrugs, Steady-state, Synergistic, and Therapeutic index.
-
Understand drug names: Generic name, Chemical name, Proprietary/brand name, Non-proprietary name, and Trade name.
- Understand the number of half-lives required to reach a steady state.
-
Pharmacology concepts: Pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.
- Understand the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics (e.g Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion).
- Various types of drug therapy (e.g., palliative therapy, empiric therapy, maintenance therapy, supplemental therapy).
- Define terms pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacognosy, and pharmacotherapeutics.
- Drug dosage forms: Understand the concept of first-pass effect and which drug administration types are most affected.
Chapter 03 - Lifespan Considerations
-
Patient age impact on drug effects/responses: Identify the most common dosage calculation method for pediatric patients.
- Neonate: birth to 1 month
- Infant: 1 to 12 months
- Pediatric considerations: Pediatric patients are defined based on age.
- Dosage calculations in older adults: Understanding the factors that affect dosage calculation is essential.
-
Drug-related concerns during pregnancy and lactation: Identifying various FDA Pregnancy Safety Categories is important.
- Understanding the different phases of pregnancy (trimesters) and their risks regarding medication use is critical.
- Identifying the trimester when exposure to drugs is most detrimental.
- Identifying the trimester when exposure to drugs is most likely to occur.
-
Impact of age-related physiological changes: Identify factors affecting drug use in the elderly population (e.g., schedule of medications, cost of medications, drug interactions, polypharmacy, nonadherence, pharmacokinetic changes). Identify the importance of body system changes in the elderly.
- Recognize special considerations for drug use in the pediatric patient (organ maturity, renal output, body surface area).
- Understand unique characteristics of neonates that can contribute to drug toxicity.
- Lifespan impact on pharmacokinetics: Explain how age-related changes in pharmacokinetics impact various drug effects.
Chapter 04 - Cultural, Legal, and Ethical Considerations
-
Drug legislation: Understand the major components of drug legislation at state and federal levels.
- Standards of practice or standards of care
- Controlled substances: Identify various categories of controlled substances and specific examples in each category.
Chapter 05 - Medication Errors: Preventing and Responding
- Medication related terms: Define adverse drug event, adverse drug reaction, allergic reaction, idiosyncratic reaction, medical error, medication error, and medication reconciliation.
-
Medication errors: Identify the most encountered medication errors.
- Recall methods of preventing medication errors.
- Understand the difference between a medication error and an adverse drug reaction.
- Define a high-risk (high-alert) medication.
- Factors associated with medication errors (high-alert medications, error-prone abbreviations, do not crush list of medications, look-alike and sound-alike (LASA)).
- Impact of medication errors on patients: Identify the impact of medication errors on patients and activities healthcare workers can perform to prevent medication errors.
Chapter 07 - Over-the-Counter Drugs and Herbal and Dietary Supplements
- Differing drug types: Identify the differences among prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, herbals, and dietary supplements.
- Alternative medicine: Define alternative and complementary medicine, dietary supplement, herbal medicine, and the impact of iatrogenic effects, legend drugs, and over-the-counter drugs.
-
OTC Legislation: Identify the differences in federal legislation concerning OTC drugs, herbals, and dietary supplements, and prescription drugs.
- Criteria for a drug to receive over-the-counter status.
-
OTC Dangers: Identify potential dangers associated with OTC drugs, herbals, and supplements.
- Risks to the patient, and the potential of masking symptoms of serious conditions.
- OTC information: Difference between OTC products and herbal products, the importance of the 1994 Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the foundational concepts of pharmacology in this quiz focused on Chapter 02 - Pharmacologic Principles. Test your knowledge on essential terms, drug names, and pharmacokinetics. Ideal for students seeking a comprehensive understanding of pharmacological practices.
