Pharmacology Principles and Drug Dosage Forms
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Pharmacology Principles and Drug Dosage Forms

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Questions and Answers

What is meant by the term 'generic name' in pharmacology?

  • The name assigned to a drug by its manufacturer
  • A name that describes the chemical composition of a drug
  • The name given to a drug approved by health authorities (correct)
  • The name used in pharmacology research studies

    • Which dosage form is absorbed the fastest in the body?

  • Tablets
  • Liquid solutions (correct)
  • Enteric-coated tablets
  • Capsules

    • What differentiates enteric-coated tablets from other forms?

  • They dissolve in the stomach, providing immediate absorption
  • They are absorbed in the intestinal tract due to their coating (correct)
  • They have a longer expiration date
  • They require a higher dosage than regular tablets

    • How do combination drugs function in pharmacology?

    <p>They reduce the total number of doses needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym 'SR' stand for regarding drug delivery systems?

    <p>Slow release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of thin-film drug delivery systems?

    <p>They dissolve in the mouth and are absorbed by the oral mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does time-release technology affect the release of drugs into the bloodstream?

    <p>It ensures a continuous and slower release over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a drug when it is delivered in a solid dosage form, such as a tablet?

    <p>It requires dissolution before absorption can occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a competitive antagonist?

    <p>It competes with an agonist to bind to a receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the expected outcomes of therapy?

    <p>Preventing a disease or unwanted condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a patient condition that makes medication use dangerous?

    <p>Contraindication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of additive effects?

    <p>The total effect equals the sum of the individual effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during synergistic effects?

    <p>The effect of one drug enhances the action of the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes antagonistic effects?

    <p>The combined drug effects are less than the sum of the individual drug effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential outcome of drug interactions?

    <p>They can increase or decrease the action of one or both drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does incompatibility refer to in pharmacology?

    <p>Chemical deterioration after mixing two parenteral drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly describes the first-pass effect in drug metabolism?

    <p>It reduces the bioavailability of oral medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored when a patient is prescribed a medication known for toxicity?

    <p>Potential side effects and signs of toxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence drug metabolism?

    <p>Socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true regarding sustained-release medications?

    <p>They provide prolonged drug absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering medications to elderly patients, which factor must NOT be overlooked?

    <p>Decreased renal clearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about drug interactions is FALSE?

    <p>All drug interactions lead to toxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nursing considerations is important when administering topical medications?

    <p>Clean the skin before application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about drug interactions?

    <p>They only happen with prescription medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors can affect a patient's response to medication?

    <p>Body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are possible adverse effects of drug toxicity?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing interventions are essential when administering intravenous medications?

    <p>Check compatibility of medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse include in patient education regarding medications?

    <p>Importance of adherence to the regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored to assess the risk of drug toxicity?

    <p>Serum drug levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to verify a patient’s allergy history before administering medications?

    <p>To prevent potential allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about liquid medications is true?

    <p>They are generally absorbed faster than solid forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor influencing the onset of drug action?

    <p>The method of administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of half-life in pharmacology?

    <p>It indicates the time required for serum drug levels to be reduced by one-half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does steady state indicate in drug administration?

    <p>The rate of drug elimination equals the rate of drug absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the peak effect of a drug?

    <p>The maximum therapeutic response reached by the drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drug toxicity typically manifest?

    <p>Mild effects or excessive therapeutic responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pharmacodynamics study?

    <p>The interactions between drugs and their cellular targets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action occurs when a drug acts as an antagonist?

    <p>It produces no pharmacological response despite binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of enzymes in pharmacodynamics?

    <p>They catalyze reactions and can be inhibited or enhanced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In drug action, what is meant by a partial agonist?

    <p>It binds to a receptor but elicits a diminished response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT typically monitored to assess drug therapy effectiveness?

    <p>The color of the drug formulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the trough blood level of a drug is too low?

    <p>The drug may not achieve the desired therapeutic effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacology Principles

    • A drug is any chemical affecting living organisms' physiological processes.
    • Pharmacology is the study of drugs.
    • Chemical name describes a drug's composition and structure.
    • Generic name is assigned by governing bodies, e.g., acetaminophen.
    • Trade name is a registered trademark, e.g., Tylenol.

    Drug Dosage Forms

    • Dosage form affects drug dissolution and absorption rate.
    • Liquids (elixirs, syrups) are absorbed faster than solid forms.
    • Enteric-coated tablets resist stomach acid, dissolving in the intestines.

    Drug Delivery Systems

    • Combination drugs contain multiple medications in one dose.
    • Time-release technology releases drugs slowly over an extended period.
    • Thin-film drug delivery dissolves in the mouth, absorbed through oral mucosa.

    Drug Absorption

    • Half-life is the time for serum drug levels to decrease by 50%.
    • Steady state is reached when drug absorption equals elimination.

    Onset, Peak, and Duration of Action

    • Onset is the time for a drug to produce a therapeutic effect.
    • Peak effect is the time for maximum therapeutic response.
    • Duration of action is the time the drug remains effective.

    Drug Toxicity

    • Peak level: highest drug concentration in the blood.
    • Trough level: lowest drug concentration in the blood.
    • Toxicity: adverse effects due to high drug levels.
    • Therapeutic drug monitoring ensures adequate drug exposure and minimizes toxicity.

    Pharmacodynamics

    • Pharmacodynamics studies the relationship between drug concentration and its effects.
    • Therapeutic effect is the desired outcome of drug therapy.
    • Drugs modify the rate or strength of cell or tissue functions.

    Mechanisms of Action

    • Receptors: sites where drugs bind to elicit a response.
    • Enzymes: substances catalyzing biochemical reactions. Drugs can inhibit or enhance enzyme activity.
    • Nonselective interactions: target cell membranes or processes.

    Drug Type and Action

    • Agonist: binds to receptor, producing a response.
    • Partial agonist: binds to receptor, producing a diminished response.
    • Antagonist: binds to receptor, blocking agonist action, preventing response.

    Pharmacotherapeutics

    • Goal of therapy: curing disease, relieving symptoms, arresting disease progression, preventing disease.
    • Contraindication: patient condition making drug use dangerous.

    Monitoring

    • Evaluation of therapy: assessment of intended therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
    • Drug interactions: interactions between drugs, food, or lab tests.

    Types of Drug Interactions

    • Additive effects: combined effect equals the sum of individual drug effects.
    • Synergistic effects: combined effect exceeds the sum of individual drug effects.
    • Antagonistic effects: combined effect is less than the sum of individual drug effects.
    • Incompatibility: chemical deterioration of drugs when mixed.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental principles of pharmacology, including drug definitions, types, and dosage forms. This quiz covers key concepts such as drug delivery systems, absorption, and the significance of chemical, generic, and trade names. Test your knowledge on how drugs interact with physiological processes.

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