Pharmacology: Antimotility and Adsorbent Agents

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What percentage of the population is affected by IBS?

15%

25%

10%

20% (correct)

What is a common precipitating factor for IBS symptoms?

Emotional stress (correct)

Glaucoma

Gastroenteritis

Prostatism

What is a contraindication for antimuscarinic drugs?

Gastro-oesophageal reflux

Glaucoma

Prostatism

All of the above (correct)

What is the effect of Mebeverine on colonic muscle activity?

Decreases colonic hypermotility Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of IBS symptoms?

Absence of demonstrable pathology in the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of magnesium-containing antacids?

Diarrhoea Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of antimotility drugs in children?

Acute diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of adsorbent agents in controlling diarrhea?

Adsorbing intestinal toxins or microorganisms and/or coating or protecting the intestinal mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that can be caused by antimicrobials, particularly in elderly patients in hospital?

Pseudomembranous colitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is more prone to cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea?

Third generation cephalosporin Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile?

Vancomycin or metronidazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the agent used to decrease fluid secretion in the bowel, often used for traveler's diarrhea?

Bismuth subsalicylate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of oral rehydration therapy in treating watery diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis?

Glucose-coupled sodium transport continues during diarrhoea and enhances water and electrolyte replacement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding a small dose of atropine to diphenoxylate?

To reduce the potential for abuse of diphenoxylate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of loperamide on the gut contents?

It impairs the propulsion of gut contents Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended formulation of oral rehydration salts (ORS) by the WHO/UNICEF?

Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, and anhydrous glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of naloxone on the actions of codeine, diphenoxylate, and loperamide?

It antagonises their actions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of antimotility drugs such as codeine and diphenoxylate?

They delay the passage of gut contents by reducing peristalsis and increasing segmentation contractions Signup and view all the answers