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Questions and Answers
Which condition is associated with a holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur loudest at the tricuspid area?
Which condition is associated with a holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur loudest at the tricuspid area?
Which condition should be avoided from using calcium blockers due to the risk of hypertension and cardiac arrest in infants, children with CHF, and those taking beta blockers?
Which condition should be avoided from using calcium blockers due to the risk of hypertension and cardiac arrest in infants, children with CHF, and those taking beta blockers?
Which type of syncope is the most common noncardiac cause of syncope?
Which type of syncope is the most common noncardiac cause of syncope?
What is the most common cardiac cause of chest pain in children?
What is the most common cardiac cause of chest pain in children?
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Which condition is characterized by a history of cardiac abnormalities and abnormal cardiac physical exam or ECG?
Which condition is characterized by a history of cardiac abnormalities and abnormal cardiac physical exam or ECG?
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What is the most common pulmonary cause of chest pain in children?
What is the most common pulmonary cause of chest pain in children?
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Which type of dysrhythmia is caused by SA node dysfunction and should not be treated with calcium blockers?
Which type of dysrhythmia is caused by SA node dysfunction and should not be treated with calcium blockers?
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Which condition is associated with chest pain in children and should be evaluated for orthostatic hypotension based on tilt test?
Which condition is associated with chest pain in children and should be evaluated for orthostatic hypotension based on tilt test?
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Which condition is a red flag for syncope and should be evaluated for neurologic deficits?
Which condition is a red flag for syncope and should be evaluated for neurologic deficits?
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Which condition should be avoided from using calcium blockers, as it can cause hypertension and cardiac arrest in infants and children with CHF?
Which condition should be avoided from using calcium blockers, as it can cause hypertension and cardiac arrest in infants and children with CHF?
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Which condition is a red flag for syncope and should be evaluated for abnormal cardiac physical exam or ECG?
Which condition is a red flag for syncope and should be evaluated for abnormal cardiac physical exam or ECG?
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Which characteristic is used to evaluate heart murmurs in infants, children, and adolescents?
Which characteristic is used to evaluate heart murmurs in infants, children, and adolescents?
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Which type of murmur is characterized by turbulent flow in the left ventricular outflow tract?
Which type of murmur is characterized by turbulent flow in the left ventricular outflow tract?
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Which type of murmur is associated with turbulent flow from arterial branches off the aortic arch?
Which type of murmur is associated with turbulent flow from arterial branches off the aortic arch?
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Which type of murmur is characterized by turbulent flow from jugular veins and superior vena cava?
Which type of murmur is characterized by turbulent flow from jugular veins and superior vena cava?
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Which type of murmur is continuous and best heard at the left infraclavicular area?
Which type of murmur is continuous and best heard at the left infraclavicular area?
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Which type of murmur is early diastolic, decrescendo, and high-pitched?
Which type of murmur is early diastolic, decrescendo, and high-pitched?
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Which type of murmur is a late crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click?
Which type of murmur is a late crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click?
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Which type of murmur is characterized by a holosystolic, high-pitched 'blowing' sound?
Which type of murmur is characterized by a holosystolic, high-pitched 'blowing' sound?
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Which type of murmur is a crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur, loudest at the heart base?
Which type of murmur is a crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur, loudest at the heart base?
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Which type of murmur follows the opening snap and is a delayed rumbling mid-to-late murmur?
Which type of murmur follows the opening snap and is a delayed rumbling mid-to-late murmur?
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Which characteristic is used to differentiate normal murmurs from pathologic murmurs?
Which characteristic is used to differentiate normal murmurs from pathologic murmurs?
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Study Notes
Murmurs and Cardiac Conditions
- Tetralogy of Fallot is associated with a holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur loudest at the tricuspid area.
Calcium Blockers Contraindications
- Calcium blockers should be avoided in infants, children with CHF, and those taking beta blockers due to the risk of hypertension and cardiac arrest.
Syncope Causes
- Vasovagal syncope is the most common noncardiac cause of syncope.
Chest Pain Causes
- Myocarditis is the most common cardiac cause of chest pain in children.
- Asthma is the most common pulmonary cause of chest pain in children.
Dysrhythmias
- Sick sinus syndrome is a type of dysrhythmia caused by SA node dysfunction and should not be treated with calcium blockers.
Orthostatic Hypotension Evaluation
- Orthostatic hypotension should be evaluated using a tilt test in patients with chest pain who have Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS).
Red Flags for Syncope
- Cardiac syncope is a red flag for syncope and should be evaluated for abnormal cardiac physical exam or ECG.
- Neurocardiogenic syncope is a red flag for syncope and should be evaluated for neurologic deficits.
Heart Murmur Characteristics
- The quality, intensity, location, radiation, and duration of the murmur are characteristics used to evaluate heart murmurs in infants, children, and adolescents.
Murmur Types
- Subvalvular aortic stenosis is characterized by turbulent flow in the left ventricular outflow tract.
- Peripheral pulmonary stenosis is associated with turbulent flow from arterial branches off the aortic arch.
- Superior vena cava syndrome is characterized by turbulent flow from jugular veins and superior vena cava.
- Patent ductus arteriosus is continuous and best heard at the left infraclavicular area.
- Aortic regurgitation is early diastolic, decrescendo, and high-pitched.
- Mitral valve prolapse is a late crescendo murmur with a midsystolic click.
- Tricuspid regurgitation is characterized by a holosystolic, high-pitched 'blowing' sound.
- Aortic stenosis is a crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur, loudest at the heart base.
- Mitral stenosis follows the opening snap and is a delayed rumbling mid-to-late murmur.
Differentiating Normal from Pathologic Murmurs
- The quality, intensity, location, radiation, and duration of the murmur are characteristics used to differentiate normal murmurs from pathologic murmurs.
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Description
Test your knowledge on pediatric cardiovascular disorders and heart murmurs with this quiz. Learn to distinguish between normal and pathologic murmurs and understand the characteristics used to evaluate them.
