22 Questions
Which characteristic is used to evaluate pediatric heart murmurs?
Loudness or intensity
Which type of murmur is caused by turbulent flow in the left ventricular outflow tract?
Still’s Murmur
Which type of murmur is associated with turbulent flow from jugular veins and superior vena cava?
Venous Hum
Which pathologic murmur is characterized by a continuous machinelike sound?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Which pathologic murmur is described as a late crescendo murmur with midsystolic click?
Mitral valve prolapse
Which characteristic describes the murmur of aortic regurgitation?
Early diastolic, decrescendo, high-pitched
Where is the murmur of mitral/tricuspid regurgitation loudest?
Apex, radiates to axilla
Which type of murmur is associated with turbulent flow in dilated breast blood vessels?
Mammary souffle (pregnant/lactating)
What is the characteristic sound of mitral stenosis?
Delayed rumbling mid-to-late murmur
Where is the murmur of aortic stenosis loudest?
Loudest at heart base
What type of murmur is associated with turbulent flow in the right ventricular outflow tract?
Pulmonary Flow Murmur
Which cardiac cause of chest pain is characterized by a holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur loudest at the tricuspid area?
Ventricular septal defect
Which condition should be avoided when treating infants, individuals with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and children with congestive heart failure?
Calcium blockers
Which type of syncope is the most common noncardiac cause of loss of consciousness and postural tone due to transient cerebral underperfusion?
Vasovagal syncope
Which type of syncope accounts for 10% of cases and is associated with arrhythmia without prodromal symptoms?
Cardiac syncope
Which condition is an example of a non-cardiac cause of chest pain that is most commonly associated with asthma, pneumonia, and pleural effusions?
Pulmonary causes
Which dysrhythmia is characterized by SA node dysfunction and is caused by bradydysrhythmias?
2nd-3rd degree AV block
Which condition should be avoided in the treatment of bradydysrhythmias in infants and children with congestive heart failure?
Beta blockers
Which type of syncope is characterized by transient cerebral underperfusion with spontaneous recovery and is associated with a prodrome of dizziness, pallor, nausea, and diaphoresis?
Vasovagal syncope
Which cardiac cause of chest pain is associated with coronary artery abnormalities, mitral valve prolapse, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction?
Ventricular septal defect
Which type of syncope is characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness and postural tone due to transient cerebral underperfusion with spontaneous recovery, and accounts for 90% of cases?
Noncardiac syncope
Which type of syncope is characterized by syncope with exercise, heart palpitations, or chest pain, and is associated with a history of cardiac abnormalities and abnormal cardiac physical exam or ECG?
Cardiac syncope
Test your knowledge of pediatric cardiac disorders with this quiz on heart murmurs. Learn about the characteristics of normal and pathologic murmurs, including their loudness, timing, location, radiation, and intensity changes with movement.
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