36 Questions
What is the effect of decreased levels of dopamine and increased levels of acetylcholine in Parkinson's disease?
Decreased function of muscles and tone, loss of function, worsened posture and balance
What is the consequence of abrupt discontinuation of antiseizure medication?
Seizure/exacerbated episode
What is the importance of compliance when taking antiseizure medication?
To take the medication at the same time every day
What is the mechanism of action of phenobarbital?
Enhances the action of GABA
What is the consequence of suddenly stopping diazepam (Valium)?
Rebound effects and dependence
What is the treatment for benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil
What is the primary mechanism of action of levodopa?
Restoring dopamine levels to normal limits
What is a common adverse effect of pramipexole?
Sudden inability to stay awake
What is the primary action of latanoprost in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP)?
Enhancing outflow of aqueous humor
Why is latanoprost ineffective for closed-angle glaucoma?
It decreases the outflow of aqueous humor
What is a contraindication for timolol?
Asthma
What is a critical nursing consideration for levodopa administration?
Avoiding abrupt withdrawal
What is the primary cause of worsened posture and balance in Parkinson's disease?
Decreased levels of dopamine and increased levels of acetylcholine
What is the consequence of taking phenobarbital too early in the day?
Double dose
What is the therapeutic class of diazepam (Valium)?
Antiseizure drug
What is the pregnancy category of phenobarbital?
Category D
What is the primary action of diazepam (Valium) on neuronal activity?
Suppresses abnormal neuronal discharges
What is the classification of phenobarbital according to its pharmacologic class?
Barbiturate
What is the primary therapeutic effect of dopamine-enhancing drugs in patients with Parkinson's disease?
Restores dopamine levels to normal limits
What is the mechanism of action of mementine, an NMDA receptor antagonist?
Reduces the levels of glutamate in the brain
What is a common adverse effect of pramipexole, a direct-acting dopamine receptor agonist?
Sudden inability to stay awake
What is the therapeutic class of timolol, a prototype drug for treating open-angle glaucoma?
Beta adrenergic blocker
What is the nursing consideration for patients taking latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog?
Remove contact lenses and do not reinsert for 15 minutes
What is the consequence of abruptly withdrawing levodopa, a dopamine precursor?
Parkinson's disease progression
What is the primary reason for adrenal gland atrophy due to antiseizure medication?
The prolonged use of the medication
What is the primary consideration for nursing when administering phenobarbital?
Ensuring the patient takes the medication at the same time every day
What is the primary mechanism of action of diazepam (Valium) in suppressing seizures?
Binding to GABA receptors
What is the consequence of taking antiseizure medication too early in the day?
Double dose
What is the primary therapeutic effect of dopamine-enhancing drugs in patients with Parkinson's disease?
Improved posture and balance
What is the primary contraindication for phenobarbital?
Pre-existing CNS depression
Which of the following does not directly reduce the levels of glutamate in the brain?
Latanoprost
What is the primary reason for avoiding abrupt withdrawal of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease?
Risk of uncontrolled and purposeless movements
Which of the following medications is not a dopamine-enhancing drug?
Latanoprost
What is the primary therapeutic effect of pramipexole in patients with Parkinson's disease?
Activates dopamine receptors
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of timolol?
Asthma
What is the primary mechanism of action of latanoprost in reducing intraocular pressure?
Increases outflow of aqueous humor
Test your understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and seizure disorders, as well as the effects of medication classes on these conditions. Learn how decreased levels of dopamine and increased levels of acetylcholine can impact muscle function, posture, and balance. Explore the consequences of abrupt discontinuation of seizure medications and the effects on the adrenal glands.
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