Unit 8 Neurological
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of decreased levels of dopamine and increased levels of acetylcholine in Parkinson's disease?

  • Improved posture and balance, increased muscle function
  • No effect on muscle tone and function
  • Decreased function of muscles and tone, loss of function, worsened posture and balance (correct)
  • Increased muscle tone and function

    • What is the consequence of abrupt discontinuation of antiseizure medication?

  • Seizure/exacerbated episode (correct)
  • No effect on seizure activity
  • Reduced risk of seizure
  • Increased effectiveness of medication

    • What is the importance of compliance when taking antiseizure medication?

  • To take double doses
  • To take the medication at the same time every day (correct)
  • To skip doses occasionally
  • To take the medication at varying times of the day

    • What is the mechanism of action of phenobarbital?

    <p>Enhances the action of GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of suddenly stopping diazepam (Valium)?

    <p>Rebound effects and dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for benzodiazepine overdose?

    <p>Flumazenil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of levodopa?

    <p>Restoring dopamine levels to normal limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of pramipexole?

    <p>Sudden inability to stay awake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of latanoprost in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP)?

    <p>Enhancing outflow of aqueous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is latanoprost ineffective for closed-angle glaucoma?

    <p>It decreases the outflow of aqueous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for timolol?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical nursing consideration for levodopa administration?

    <p>Avoiding abrupt withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of worsened posture and balance in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Decreased levels of dopamine and increased levels of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of taking phenobarbital too early in the day?

    <p>Double dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic class of diazepam (Valium)?

    <p>Antiseizure drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pregnancy category of phenobarbital?

    <p>Category D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of diazepam (Valium) on neuronal activity?

    <p>Suppresses abnormal neuronal discharges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of phenobarbital according to its pharmacologic class?

    <p>Barbiturate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic effect of dopamine-enhancing drugs in patients with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Restores dopamine levels to normal limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of mementine, an NMDA receptor antagonist?

    <p>Reduces the levels of glutamate in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of pramipexole, a direct-acting dopamine receptor agonist?

    <p>Sudden inability to stay awake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic class of timolol, a prototype drug for treating open-angle glaucoma?

    <p>Beta adrenergic blocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nursing consideration for patients taking latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog?

    <p>Remove contact lenses and do not reinsert for 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of abruptly withdrawing levodopa, a dopamine precursor?

    <p>Parkinson's disease progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for adrenal gland atrophy due to antiseizure medication?

    <p>The prolonged use of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for nursing when administering phenobarbital?

    <p>Ensuring the patient takes the medication at the same time every day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of diazepam (Valium) in suppressing seizures?

    <p>Binding to GABA receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of taking antiseizure medication too early in the day?

    <p>Double dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic effect of dopamine-enhancing drugs in patients with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Improved posture and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contraindication for phenobarbital?

    <p>Pre-existing CNS depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not directly reduce the levels of glutamate in the brain?

    <p>Latanoprost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding abrupt withdrawal of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Risk of uncontrolled and purposeless movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is not a dopamine-enhancing drug?

    <p>Latanoprost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic effect of pramipexole in patients with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Activates dopamine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of timolol?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of latanoprost in reducing intraocular pressure?

    <p>Increases outflow of aqueous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

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