29 Questions
Which movement disorder is characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and affects the basal ganglia?
Huntington disease
What movement disorder is associated with excessive, involuntary movements affecting different body regions?
Ballismus
Which disorder is known for the presence of motor and vocal tics?
Tourette syndrome
Which movement disorder is linked to a deficiency in copper metabolism leading to copper accumulation in the brain?
Wilson's disease
Which disorder is characterized by jerky, uncoordinated movements due to cerebellar dysfunction?
Cerebellar ataxia
What symptom does the 14-year-old boy in the text present to his PCP?
Involuntary movements in his face and limbs
Which condition is characterized by sudden, brief actions with an urge before and a sense of relief after the movement?
Tics
What differentiates Tourette's Syndrome from Dystonia based on the text?
Premonition before movements
What is a common medication used to suppress movements in Tourette's Syndrome according to the text?
Clonidine
Which condition presents as relentless, self-limited movements after a strep infection?
Sydenham's Chorea
What is a key consideration for treatment in Tourette's Syndrome based on the text?
Do not have to treat
Why would acetylcholine blockers (anticholinergics) be expected to help in Huntington's Disease?
To counteract the loss of acetylcholine neurons in the striatum
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly affected in Huntington's Disease?
Acetylcholine
Which area of the brain is primarily affected by the loss of acetylcholine neurons in Huntington's Disease?
Striatum
What is the consequence of reduced excitation upon Gpi neurons in Huntington's Disease?
Decreased movement
Why might too much dopamine produce dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease treatment?
Causes increased cholinergic activity
What is the main clinical feature observed in Huntington's Disease?
Choreiform movements
Which symptom is commonly associated with cerebellar dysfunction?
Tardive dyskinesia
What type of movement disorder is characterized by writhing and twisting movements?
Athetosis
Which clinical feature is NOT typically seen in Parkinson's disease?
Nystagmus
What is the aim of the direct pathway in the anatomy of Parkinson's disease?
To activate the motor cortex
Which part of the body is primarily affected by ataxia?
Legs
What is a common symptom of cerebellar dysfunction related to speech?
Dysarthria
What is the significance of frequent throat clearing in the patient described?
It could be a symptom of tardive dyskinesia.
What is the most likely diagnosis for the patient based on the symptoms described?
Tardive dyskinesia
What treatment approach is suggested for hemiballismus, particularly when caused by damage to Mollaret’s Triangle?
Wait for spontaneous improvement without specific treatment
How does negative myoclonus differ from other types of myoclonus?
It results in a loss of postural muscle contraction.
In the context of tardive dyskinesia, what is the recommended treatment strategy?
Use sedative medications like benzodiazepines.
Which brain structure is most likely affected in a patient presenting with hemiballismus?
Basal ganglia
Test your knowledge on the treatment and clinical features of neurological disorders like Parkinson's Disease and Huntington's Disease. Learn about the use of acetylcholine blockers in Parkinson's treatment and the impact of dopamine imbalance on movement. Explore the symptoms associated with genetic disorders like Huntington's Disease.
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