Pathophysiology of Blood Pressure Regulation

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What is a characteristic of salt-resistant hypertension?

It leads to increased sodium retention

It is associated with high dietary potassium intake

Blood pressures decrease significantly with lowered salt intakes

Individuals show no response to changes in salt intake (correct)

What role does magnesium play in blood pressure regulation?

It promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

It leads to overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system

It acts as a vasodilator (correct)

It increases vascular smooth-muscle contraction

How does high dietary potassium help prevent and control hypertension?

By reducing sodium intake

By acting as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (correct)

By promoting vasoconstriction

By causing overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system

How does weight gain during adult life contribute to the rise in blood pressure?

It causes overactivation of the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin system Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between dairy calcium intake and stroke incidence?

Higher dairy calcium intake is associated with a lower incidence of stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended source of nutrients to prevent or control hypertension?

Food sources Signup and view all the answers

What is blood pressure a function of, according to pathophysiology?

Cardiac output multiplied by peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood vessel diameter is true?

Increased diameter increases blood flow and decreases resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for long-term control of blood pressure?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of hyperactive sympathetic nervous system on blood pressure?

Vasoconstriction and increase in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of renal vasoconstriction?

Low-potassium diet Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure typically measured in a clinical setting?

Using a sphygmomanometer on multiple visits Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adult cases of hypertension are attributed to secondary or non-essential hypertension?

5% to 10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure range for Stage 2 hypertension in terms of systolic blood pressure (SBP)?

> 160 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor for primary hypertension?

Coarctation of aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for primary hypertension?

Cigarette smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of untreated hypertension?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to a congenital condition whereby the aorta narrows in the area where the ductus arteriosus inserts?