Pathophysiology of Blood Pressure Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of salt-resistant hypertension?

  • It leads to increased sodium retention
  • It is associated with high dietary potassium intake
  • Blood pressures decrease significantly with lowered salt intakes
  • Individuals show no response to changes in salt intake (correct)

What role does magnesium play in blood pressure regulation?

  • It promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys
  • It leads to overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system
  • It acts as a vasodilator (correct)
  • It increases vascular smooth-muscle contraction

How does high dietary potassium help prevent and control hypertension?

  • By reducing sodium intake
  • By acting as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (correct)
  • By promoting vasoconstriction
  • By causing overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system

How does weight gain during adult life contribute to the rise in blood pressure?

<p>It causes overactivation of the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between dairy calcium intake and stroke incidence?

<p>Higher dairy calcium intake is associated with a lower incidence of stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended source of nutrients to prevent or control hypertension?

<p>Food sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is blood pressure a function of, according to pathophysiology?

<p>Cardiac output multiplied by peripheral resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood vessel diameter is true?

<p>Increased diameter increases blood flow and decreases resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for long-term control of blood pressure?

<p>Kidney (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of hyperactive sympathetic nervous system on blood pressure?

<p>Vasoconstriction and increase in blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of renal vasoconstriction?

<p>Low-potassium diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure typically measured in a clinical setting?

<p>Using a sphygmomanometer on multiple visits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adult cases of hypertension are attributed to secondary or non-essential hypertension?

<p>5% to 10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure range for Stage 2 hypertension in terms of systolic blood pressure (SBP)?

<p>&gt; 160 mm Hg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor for primary hypertension?

<p>Coarctation of aorta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for primary hypertension?

<p>Cigarette smoking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of untreated hypertension?

<p>All of the above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to a congenital condition whereby the aorta narrows in the area where the ductus arteriosus inserts?

<p>Coarctation of aorta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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