Pathophysiology of Blood Flow Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What condition is characterized by pale skin and decreased local temperature?

  • Arterial hyperemia
  • Venous hyperemia
  • Lymphostasis
  • Ischemia (correct)

Which phenomenon is caused by the difficulty of blood outflow through veins?

  • Ischemic stasis
  • Obturative ischemia
  • Arterial hyperemia
  • Venous hyperemia (correct)

What substance is released as a result of vessel endothelium damage during thrombus formation?

  • Histamine
  • Phospholipase A2
  • Adenosine triphosphate
  • Serotonin (correct)

What is the outcome of damaging vasoconstrictor nerves?

<p>Neuroparalytic arterial hyperemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not contribute to pathological arterial hyperemia?

<p>Working (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the purulent melting of thrombus?

<p>Septic autolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hyperemia is characterized by a decrease in local temperature?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mediator of inflammation is responsible for causing arterial hyperemia?

<p>Prostacyclin (A), Histamine (B), Bradykinin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a consequence of blood clots formed in the left parts of the heart?

<p>Kidney infarction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes obstruction ischemia?

<p>Complete obstruction of arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not cause arteriol hyperemia?

<p>Plasmin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What product of alteration is associated with the development of reactions in inflammation?

<p>ADP (A), Lactate (C), Adenosine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of embolism in relation to blood and lymphatic vessels?

<p>Occlusion by particles not normally present (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What embolism is primarily associated with the phenomenon of caisson disease in divers?

<p>Gas embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a red coloration of the skin?

<p>Arterial hyperemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor of blood coagulation is also known as tissue thromboplastin?

<p>III factor of blood coagulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increase in blood flow following a brief interruption?

<p>Reactive hyperemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected diameter of microcirculation vessels?

<p>Less than 100 micrometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from an increase in blood filling of vessels?

<p>Arterial hyperemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily causes angiospastic ischemia during an emotional reaction?

<p>Neurogenic factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is most vulnerable to ischemia?

<p>Brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What likely develops at the fracture of the right thigh-bone?

<p>Thromboembolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most dangerous consequence of thrombogenesis?

<p>Aseptic autolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sign indicates lymphokinesis insufficiency?

<p>Edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition leads to venous hyperemia?

<p>Thrombosis of vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition does venous hyperemia primarily develop?

<p>Vessel thrombosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological state decreases the number of functioning capillaries?

<p>Ischemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically decreased during ischemia in tissues and organs?

<p>Blood filling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the sludge phenomenon in blood pathology?

<p>Aggregation of red corpuscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the increased permeability of microcirculatory vessel walls in the short term?

<p>Histamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a blood flow stop in the capillaries?

<p>Stasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hyperemia occurs in response to organ function increase?

<p>Working hyperemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of embolism is classified as endogenous?

<p>Thromboembolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is most affected by ischemia?

<p>Brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most dangerous completion of thrombogenesis for a patient?

<p>Immune thrombocytopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sensation is typically associated with neurotonic arterial hyperemia?

<p>Flushing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation might venous hyperemia occur?

<p>Following arterial blockage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism responsible for angiospastic ischemia?

<p>Vasoconstriction of coronary arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to ischemic stasis in peripheral blood circulation?

<p>Venous outflow obstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombocytopenia primarily associated with in massive hemorrhage?

<p>Decreased platelet counts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the condition characterized by pale skin and lower local temperature due to reduced blood flow.

<p>Ischemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of embolism is most likely caused by thrombus formation in the left heart chambers?

<p>Pulmonary artery embolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hemorrhagic syndrome, which factor signifies a structural issue with blood vessels?

<p>Ulceration of the endothelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological phenomenon is signified by a dark red area around a vessel on a diagram?

<p>Venous thromboembolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically observed during venous hyperemia in localized areas?

<p>Swelling and warmth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reactive Hyperemia

The increased blood flow to a tissue after a period of reduced blood supply, often caused by occlusion.

Neurotonic Hyperemia

A type of hyperemia characterized by an increase in blood flow induced by nerve stimulation, such as in trigeminal neuralgia.

Obstruction Ischemia

The localized death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply, often due to a complete blockage of the arteries.

Diapedesis of Red Corpuscles

The passage of blood cells, particularly red blood cells, through the intact walls of capillaries, indicating increased vascular permeability.

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Thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, impeding blood flow.

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Embolism

The obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign particle or substance that has traveled from another location in the body.

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Fibrinolysis

The breakdown of a thrombus by enzymes, particularly plasmin.

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Organization of a Thrombus

The process of the body replacing a thrombus with fibrous tissue, which may lead to recanalization (reopening) of the vessel.

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Ischemia

A condition where blood flow to a tissue is reduced, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients.

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Venous Hypertension

An increase in blood flow to a tissue or organ due to an obstruction in the veins, causing blood to pool and increase pressure.

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Diapedesis of Erythrocytes

The passage of red blood cells through the walls of blood vessels, indicating increased permeability.

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Local Blood Circulation Violation in Abdominal Cavity

A local blood circulation violation in the abdominal cavity occurring during rapid removal of ascitic fluid.

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Arterial Hyperemia

Increased blood flow to a tissue due to dilation of blood vessels, resulting in redness and warmth.

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Venous Hyperemia

Increased blood flow to a tissue due to congestion of blood in the veins, leading to redness and swelling.

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Physiological hyperemia

A type of hyperemia, characterized by an increase in blood flow due to increased metabolic activity or nerve stimulation.

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Neurotonic arterial hyperemia

A type of hyperemia caused by nerve stimulation, leading to increased blood flow in a particular area.

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Thrombocytopenia

A condition characterized by a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, leading to impaired blood clotting and increased risk of bleeding.

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Working Hyperemia

A type of arterial hyperemia caused by increased metabolic activity in a tissue, leading to increased blood flow.

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Clot Formation in Left Ventricle

A type of blood clot formation that occurs in the heart's chambers, specifically the left ventricle. It can lead to complications like pulmonary embolism or tissue embolism.

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Organization without Recanalization

The process of the body replacing a thrombus with fibrous tissue, but without restoring blood flow. The vessel remains blocked, potentially leading to further complications.

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Calcification of Thrombus

The process where a thrombus undergoes calcification, becoming harder and less likely to break apart. This can occur with or without recanalization.

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Calcification with Recanalization

The process of replacing a thrombus with fibrous tissue and reopening the vessel. This allows for the restoration of blood flow.

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Infarction

The death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply, often caused by a blockage in a blood vessel. This can occur in various organs, including the heart, brain, and limbs.

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Study Notes

Blood Flow Alterations

  • Reactive hyperemia: The increase in blood flow after a brief limitation.
  • Septic autolysis: The purulent melting of a thrombus.
  • Embolism at caisson works: Caused by nitrogen.
  • Adverse result of thrombosis: Septic autolysis.
  • Occlusion of lymphatic or blood vessels: Named embolism.
  • Arterial hyperemia complication: Necrosis or rupture of vessels.
  • Pale skin and decreased temperature: Signs of ischemia.
  • Increasing organ/tissue blood supply: Venous hyperemia.
  • Formation of thrombus: Begins with vessel endothelium damage and release of serotonin.
  • Disorders after cutting vasoconstrictor nerves: Neurotonic arterial hyperemia.
  • Medicamentous blockade state: Neuroparalytic arterial hyperemia.
  • Most dangerous ischemia: Brain.
  • Pathological arterial hyperemia, except: Working.
  • Intravital blood/lymph coagulation: Thrombosis.
  • Damaging factor sign of increased permeability: Diapedesis of red corpuscles.
  • Obstruction ischemia result: Complete obstruction of arteries.
  • Local blood circulation violation in abdominal cavity after removing ascitic fluid: Arterial hyperemia.
  • Skin red color: Arterial hyperemia.

Other Concepts

  • Diameter of microcirculation vessels less than: 100 micrometer.
  • Blood filling of tissues during ischemia: Decreases initially, then may increase or stay without change.
  • Disorders due to mistaken intravenous oily solution infusion: Fatty embolism.
  • Embolus passing from right to left heart: Ventricular septal defect.
  • Arterial hyperemia of Neuroparalytic Type: Results from paralysis of vasoconstrictive nerves.
  • Substance increasing microcirculatory vessel permeability: Histamine.
  • Increase of blood supply in the organ with its function: Working hyperemia.
  • Substance increasing short-term microcirculation vessel permeability: Histamine.
  • Embolism belonging to endogenous: Thromboembolism.
  • Most sensitive organ to ischemia: Brain
  • Typical hyperemia in prosopalgia: Neurotonic.
  • Blood motion stop in capillaries: Named stasis
  • Wound edema stage: Venous hyperemia
  • Increased thromboyte destruction cause: Immune thrombocytopenia
  • Severe consequences of ischemia: Primarily for heart.

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Description

This quiz explores various conditions related to blood flow issues, including factors that lead to pale skin, obstacles in venous blood outflow, and impacts of thrombus formation. Test your knowledge on hyperemia, ischemia, and related medical terminologies.

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