Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers
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Questions and Answers

What is a common effect of hyperthermia on the body?

  • Lowered body temperature
  • Decreased heart rate
  • Increased metabolic rate (correct)
  • Reduced blood flow to the skin
  • Which disorder is characterized by an excessive elevation in body temperature?

  • Hyperemia
  • Fever
  • Hypothermia
  • Hyperthermia (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a disorder of temperature regulation?

  • Cyanosis (correct)
  • Fever
  • Hyperthermia
  • Hypothermia
  • What condition is characterized by an increased blood volume in a particular tissue?

    <p>Hyperemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological change is typically associated with febrile response?

    <p>Increased vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypothermia lead to in the body?

    <p>Slowed physiological processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is primarily responsible for heat loss during hypothermia?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a hemodynamic disorder?

    <p>Insufficient blood supply to organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heart disease is associated with systemic hypertension?

    <p>Hypertensive Heart Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for Right-Sided Hypertensive Heart Disease?

    <p>Cor Pulmonale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a potential impact of systemic hypotension?

    <p>Heart Failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is primarily related to blood pressure regulation issues?

    <p>Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Motor Function Disorders?

    <p>Neurological Degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major focuses of the study guide mentioned?

    <p>Pathophysiology final exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reference point in the content?

    <p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves an abnormal increase in blood pressure within the pulmonary arteries?

    <p>Pulmonary Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a condition where temperature varies but does not return to normal?

    <p>Intermittent fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the body's elevated set-point for temperature control?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically associated with hypothermia?

    <p>Increased metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about intermittent fever is true?

    <p>There are days of normal temperature between episodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypothermia can be caused by which of the following factors?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of alcohol on thermoregulation?

    <p>It can contribute to hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is characterized by a failure to maintain body temperature?

    <p>Hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the fever's variation range during episodes?

    <p>Above normal with variations exceeding 2°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HLA genes are known to have the greatest contribution to which of the following?

    <p>Autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding autoimmune diseases is accurate?

    <p>They tend to be chronic and cause progressive tissue damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism involved in the central type of self-tolerance?

    <p>Deletion of high-affinity autoreactive T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes can lead to the production of autoantibodies?

    <p>Polyclonal B-cell activation by certain viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location is primarily associated with the central tolerance mechanism in T cells?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is NOT true regarding the group of genes related to autoimmunity?

    <p>HLA genes have no effect on susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the immune response related to autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Autoimmune responses can cause cross-reactivity with self-antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The development of which type of cell is promoted during the central tolerance mechanism?

    <p>Regulatory T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common source of fat emboli?

    <p>Bone marrow at the site of bone fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a characteristic of the majority of pulmonary emboli?

    <p>They are clinically silent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is identified by a venous embolus passing through an interatrial defect?

    <p>Paradoxical embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of decompression sickness?

    <p>Sudden decreases in atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical origin of systemic emboli?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the nature of emboli is false?

    <p>Pulmonary emboli cannot arise from atherosclerotic plaques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can paradoxical embolism result from?

    <p>A venous embolus passing through an interatrial defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the role of infections in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Infections may protect against some autoimmune diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the clinical silence of most pulmonary emboli?

    <p>They are typically small in size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to self-reactive T and B lymphocytes during their maturation in the central lymphoid organs?

    <p>They are killed or rendered harmless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential mechanism by which infections may contribute to the onset of autoimmunity?

    <p>Infections might upregulate expression of costimulators on antigen presenting cells (APCs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular mimicry phenomenon in the context of infections and autoimmunity?

    <p>When pathogens express antigens similar to self-antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism does NOT contribute to the inactivation of self-reactive lymphocytes in peripheral tissues?

    <p>Proliferation of self-reactive lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is FALSE regarding infections and their impact on autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Infections impart a protective effect against all autoimmune diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do regulatory T lymphocytes play with respect to self-reactive lymphocytes?

    <p>They suppress the activity of self-reactive lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the maturation of self-reactive lymphocytes, what happens to those that recognize self-antigens?

    <p>They are either killed, made anergic, or suppressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pathophysiology 510 Exam Test Questions and Answers

    • This book contains 510 exam questions and answers on pathophysiology.
    • It was published in Varna in 2019.
    • The authors are Dariya Leonidovna and Ganka Bekyarova.
    • The book is divided into General Pathophysiology and Systemic Pathophysiology.

    General Pathophysiology

    • Covers concepts of health and disease, temperature regulation (fever, hyperthermia, hypothermia), hemodynamic disorders (hyperemia, thrombosis, embolism, infarction, shock), disorders of the immune response (hypersensitivity, autoimmune, immunodeficiency), inflammation, and fluid and electrolyte balance.

    Systemic Pathophysiology

    • Covers disorders of acid-base balance, neoplasia, hematopoietic system disorders (red blood cell, white blood cell, lymphoid tissue disorders), respiratory function disorders, cardiovascular system disorders (atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, blood pressure regulation), urinary system disorders, alterations in nutritional status (obesity), gastrointestinal tract disorders, neural function disorders (pain, motor function, neurodegenerative diseases), and endocrine system disorders.

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    Description

    This quiz contains 510 test questions and answers covering key concepts in pathophysiology. It encompasses both general pathophysiology and systemic pathophysiology, focusing on health and disease, hemodynamic disorders, and immune response. Ideal for students preparing for exams in this critical medical field.

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