65 Questions
What is the difference between morbidity and mortality?
Morbidity refers to the prevalence of a disease in a population, while mortality refers to the number of deaths caused by a disease.
What gene did Angelina Jolie have and what decision did she make because of it?
BRCA1 gene; she decided to undergo a preventive double mastectomy and ovary removal.
What is considered the normal heart rate?
80 beats per minute
What does 'white coat syndrome' refer to?
An anxiety disorder where blood pressure is higher in medical settings than in other settings.
What is the most common cause of hypoxia?
Decreased oxygen utilization by tissues
What is the leading cause of mental retardation and miscarriage?
Chromosomal abnormalities
What are the 3 stages of stress?
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
What is the best known example of trisomy?
Trisomy 21
What is the most common trisomy among miscarried fetuses?
Trisomy 13
What is the best-known lysosomal storage disorder?
Tay-Sachs disease
Are identifiable syndromes described using a formula or equation?
No, they are described based on symptoms only
What is the difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity?
Humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells directly attacking infected cells.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Heat, pain, redness, and swelling
What are the systemic effects of inflammation?
Fever, increased heart rate, fatigue, and elevated white blood cell count
What are the complications of inflammation?
Sepsis, organ failure, septic shock, and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome
What is RICE in the context of treatment?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
What is the two-step process required to become allergic to a substance?
Sensitization followed by exposure to the allergen triggering an immune response
What was the little boy in the scenario allergic to?
Peanuts
How do they test for allergies?
Skin prick test
What are the 3 steps in research?
Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis
What is 'white coat syndrome' often associated with?
Hypertension
Which genetic disorder did Angelina Jolie have a gene for?
BRCA1 mutation
What is considered the normal heart rate for adults at rest?
60-100 bpm
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 major areas of study suggesting the causes of aging?
Emotional factors
What is the term used to describe identifiable syndromes based on a specific formula or pattern?
Syndrome algorithm
Which of the following is NOT one of the two main causes of congenital disorders?
Genetic mutations
What is the normal life span for women?
Around 80 years
Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by symptoms appearing in early adulthood and causing cognitive decline?
Huntington's disease
What is the white coat syndrome in the context of health?
An anxiety-related condition causing elevated blood pressure in clinical settings
Which of the following is NOT a step in the research process for studying genetic disorders?
Analyzing environmental factors
What is considered a normal heart rate in adults at rest?
$60-80$ beats per minute
What should you review and be able to discuss regarding multifactorial inheritance disorders?
Symptoms and diagnostic tests
Which disorder is mentioned as a mitochondrial DNA disorder in the text?
Myoclonic epilepsy
What is the main difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity?
Target cells
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Pain, heat, redness, swelling
Why can't aspirin be given to children?
It can lead to Reye's syndrome
What does RICE stand for in the context of treatment?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
What was the little boy in the scenario allergic to?
Peanuts
What are NSAIDs?
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
What are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids?
Increased blood pressure, weight gain, mood changes
What is considered the normal heart rate?
60-100 beats per minute
What is the main difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity?
Humoral immunity involves B cells and antibodies, while cell mediated immunity involves T cells.
Why can't aspirin be given to children?
Aspirin can cause Reye's syndrome in children, a severe condition.
What are the three steps in research that are mentioned in the text?
Formulation of question, data collection, interpretation of results
What is considered a normal heart rate for adults at rest?
60-100 bpm
Which genetic disorder is characterized by symptoms appearing in early adulthood and causing cognitive decline?
Myoclonic epilepsy
What does 'white coat syndrome' refer to?
An anxiety-related increase in blood pressure during a medical visit
What organization in the USA collects information and makes recommendations?
CDC
What gene did Angelina Jolie have and what decision did she make because of it?
BRCA1; she underwent a preventive double mastectomy
What are the 3 steps in research mentioned in the text?
Hypothesis, Experimentation, Analysis
What is the normal heart rate?
60-100 bpm
What is the main difference between morbidity and mortality?
Morbidity is the number of sick individuals, mortality is the death rate.
What are the criteria for brain death?
No heart rate or breathing, no reflexes or response to pain, flat EEG
What are the four common biochemical themes related to cellular response to stress, injury, and aging?
Inflammation, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Oxidative stress
What is a double-blind study?
A study where neither the researchers nor the participants know who is receiving the treatment or placebo.
What is considered the normal life span for men?
75-80 years
What are the 3 major areas of study suggesting the causes of aging?
Genetics, Environment, Diet
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Redness, Swelling, Heat, Pain
What is the term used to describe identifiable syndromes based on a specific formula or pattern?
Phenotype
What is the normal heart rate for adults at rest?
60-100 beats per minute
What are the two main causes of congenital disorders?
Genetic and Environmental Factors
Which of the following is NOT a step in the research process for studying genetic disorders?
Genetic Testing
What is the leading cause of mental retardation and miscarriage?
Trisomy 21
What are NSAIDs?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce pain and inflammation.
What does RICE stand for in the context of treatment?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Prepare for your Pathophysiology (2024) exam with this study guide which includes multiple choice, matching, true/false questions, as well as short discussion questions. Topics may cover diseases, humoral and cell mediated immunity differences, and more. The guide aims to have around 80 questions, including 70 questions and 2 short answer discussions.
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