Pathophysiology (2024) Exam 1 Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between morbidity and mortality?

  • Morbidity refers to surviving a disease, while mortality refers to succumbing to a disease.
  • Morbidity refers to the prevalence of a disease in a population, while mortality refers to the number of deaths caused by a disease. (correct)
  • Morbidity refers to the number of deaths in a population, while mortality refers to the number of individuals affected by a disease.
  • Morbidity refers to the number of diseases in a population, while mortality refers to the number of deaths in a specific group.

What gene did Angelina Jolie have and what decision did she make because of it?

  • BRCA1 gene; she decided to undergo a preventive double mastectomy and ovary removal. (correct)
  • BRCA2 gene; she decided to ignore the genetic risk.
  • BRCA1 gene; she decided to undergo more frequent health check-ups.
  • TP53 gene; she decided to alter her lifestyle.

What is considered the normal heart rate?

  • 80 beats per minute (correct)
  • 100 beats per minute
  • 120 beats per minute
  • 60 beats per minute

What does 'white coat syndrome' refer to?

<p>An anxiety disorder where blood pressure is higher in medical settings than in other settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hypoxia?

<p>Decreased oxygen utilization by tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of mental retardation and miscarriage?

<p>Chromosomal abnormalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 stages of stress?

<p>Alarm, resistance, exhaustion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best known example of trisomy?

<p>Trisomy 21 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common trisomy among miscarried fetuses?

<p>Trisomy 13 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best-known lysosomal storage disorder?

<p>Tay-Sachs disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are identifiable syndromes described using a formula or equation?

<p>No, they are described based on symptoms only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity?

<p>Humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells directly attacking infected cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

<p>Heat, pain, redness, and swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the systemic effects of inflammation?

<p>Fever, increased heart rate, fatigue, and elevated white blood cell count (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the complications of inflammation?

<p>Sepsis, organ failure, septic shock, and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is RICE in the context of treatment?

<p>Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the two-step process required to become allergic to a substance?

<p>Sensitization followed by exposure to the allergen triggering an immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the little boy in the scenario allergic to?

<p>Peanuts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do they test for allergies?

<p>Skin prick test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 steps in research?

<p>Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'white coat syndrome' often associated with?

<p>Hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic disorder did Angelina Jolie have a gene for?

<p>BRCA1 mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the normal heart rate for adults at rest?

<p>60-100 bpm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 major areas of study suggesting the causes of aging?

<p>Emotional factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe identifiable syndromes based on a specific formula or pattern?

<p>Syndrome algorithm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the two main causes of congenital disorders?

<p>Genetic mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal life span for women?

<p>Around 80 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by symptoms appearing in early adulthood and causing cognitive decline?

<p>Huntington's disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the white coat syndrome in the context of health?

<p>An anxiety-related condition causing elevated blood pressure in clinical settings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the research process for studying genetic disorders?

<p>Analyzing environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal heart rate in adults at rest?

<p>$60-80$ beats per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you review and be able to discuss regarding multifactorial inheritance disorders?

<p>Symptoms and diagnostic tests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is mentioned as a mitochondrial DNA disorder in the text?

<p>Myoclonic epilepsy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity?

<p>Target cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

<p>Pain, heat, redness, swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't aspirin be given to children?

<p>It can lead to Reye's syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RICE stand for in the context of treatment?

<p><strong>Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the little boy in the scenario allergic to?

<p><strong>Peanuts</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are NSAIDs?

<p><strong>Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids?

<p><strong>Increased blood pressure, weight gain, mood changes</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the normal heart rate?

<p><strong>60-100 beats per minute</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity?

<p>Humoral immunity involves B cells and antibodies, while cell mediated immunity involves T cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't aspirin be given to children?

<p>Aspirin can cause Reye's syndrome in children, a severe condition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps in research that are mentioned in the text?

<p>Formulation of question, data collection, interpretation of results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal heart rate for adults at rest?

<p>60-100 bpm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic disorder is characterized by symptoms appearing in early adulthood and causing cognitive decline?

<p>Myoclonic epilepsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'white coat syndrome' refer to?

<p>An anxiety-related increase in blood pressure during a medical visit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organization in the USA collects information and makes recommendations?

<p>CDC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gene did Angelina Jolie have and what decision did she make because of it?

<p>BRCA1; she underwent a preventive double mastectomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 steps in research mentioned in the text?

<p>Hypothesis, Experimentation, Analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal heart rate?

<p>60-100 bpm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between morbidity and mortality?

<p>Morbidity is the number of sick individuals, mortality is the death rate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the criteria for brain death?

<p>No heart rate or breathing, no reflexes or response to pain, flat EEG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four common biochemical themes related to cellular response to stress, injury, and aging?

<p>Inflammation, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Oxidative stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a double-blind study?

<p>A study where neither the researchers nor the participants know who is receiving the treatment or placebo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the normal life span for men?

<p>75-80 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 major areas of study suggesting the causes of aging?

<p>Genetics, Environment, Diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

<p>Redness, Swelling, Heat, Pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe identifiable syndromes based on a specific formula or pattern?

<p>Phenotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal heart rate for adults at rest?

<p>60-100 beats per minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main causes of congenital disorders?

<p>Genetic and Environmental Factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the research process for studying genetic disorders?

<p>Genetic Testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of mental retardation and miscarriage?

<p>Trisomy 21 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are NSAIDs?

<p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce pain and inflammation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RICE stand for in the context of treatment?

<p>Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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