Pancreatic Hormones & Diabetes Mellitus Drug Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What effect does metformin have on insulin secretion?

  • Enhances insulin secretion
  • No effect on insulin secretion (correct)
  • Inhibits insulin secretion
  • Stimulates insulin secretion

    • What is a notable side effect of metformin related to the gastrointestinal system?

  • Nausea and diarrhea (correct)
  • Excessive hunger
  • Severe bloating
  • Constant mild stomach pain

    • Which statement accurately describes metformin's effect on mitochondrial function?

  • Disrupts ATP synthesis
  • Inhibits Complex I of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (correct)
  • Accelerates ATP/AMP ratio
  • Enhances Complex I activity

    • In what type of patients should metformin be avoided due to the risk of lactic acidosis?

    <p>Patients with kidney or liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid profile change is associated with the use of metformin?

    <p>Decreased total cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibiting carbohydrate breakdown and glucose absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin has the quickest onset of action?

    <p>Insulin lispro (Humalog)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin is used in emergencies for ketoacidosis?

    <p>Regular insulin (Humulin R)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of insulin maintains fasting blood glucose levels?

    <p>Insulin glargine (Lantus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin is not used intravenously (IV)?

    <p>Insulin glargine (Lantus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin has a peakless 24-hour duration of action?

    <p>Insulin glargine (Lantus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin type can be used approximately 15 minutes before the start of a meal?

    <p>Insulin aspart (Novolog)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset of action for insulin detemir (Levemir)?

    <p>2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does insulin detemir (Levemir) differ from glargine and Ultra long-acting 2nd Generation Sulfonylureas in terms of peak action?

    <p>Peakless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of glyburide (Micronase)?

    <p>Close K+ATP channel on pancreatic β-cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with insulin degludec (Tresiba)?

    <p>Higher incidence of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for not using glyburide (Micronase) in patients with renal or liver failure?

    <p>Higher incidence of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of sulfonylureas are glyburide (Micronase) and other potent hypoglycemic agents considered to be a part of?

    <p>1st Generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with the use of Acarbose and Miglitol?

    <p>Flatulence (gas)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Thiazolidinediones (TZD’s) like Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone?

    <p>Enhancing tissue insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Acarbose and Miglitol when used as monotherapy on HbA1c levels?

    <p>Decrease HbA1c by 0.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Thiazolidinediones like Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone not considered hypoglycemic agents?

    <p>They have no direct impact on blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is a contraindication for the use of Acarbose and Miglitol?

    <p>Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Acarbose and Miglitol affect sucrose breakdown during a hypoglycemic episode?

    <p>Prevents sucrose breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist drug is eliminated hepatically?

    <p>Liraglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist drug is administered subcutaneously twice a day?

    <p>Exenatide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist drug is available as an extended-release formulation used once weekly?

    <p>Exenatide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLP-1 agonist drug has GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist properties?

    <p>Tirzepatide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is potentially fatal and should prompt patients to report any upper abdominal pain and vomiting?

    <p>Acute pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are all GLP-1 receptor agonists currently contraindicated?

    <p>Stage 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

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