Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Which hormone causes cells to release stored food into the blood?
What is the main function of insulin?
What characterizes Type 1 diabetes?
What is the main characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the specific criteria for metabolic syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the symptoms of insulin deficiency in Type 1 diabetes?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to insulin levels in Type 2 diabetes?
Signup and view all the answers
What can lead to glucose intolerance disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the treatment for Type 2 diabetes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the exocrine pancreas?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone allows cells to take up glucose from the blood?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main hormone responsible for promoting fat synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process of storing foodstuffs inside cells known as?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone is associated with too much anabolism and low blood glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main hormone responsible for breaking down stored food to release into the blood?
Signup and view all the answers
What may happen to the woman with a glucagonoma?
Signup and view all the answers
What can the liver convert amino acids and free fatty acids into?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone is associated with increasing blood glucose levels?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main control for anabolism and catabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process of breaking down stored foodstuffs into the blood known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the tumor that secretes insulin known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the tumor that secretes glucagon known as?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone is associated with the breakdown of stored foodstuffs into the blood and wasting of tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is the woman with an insulinoma not receiving corticosteroids?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Pancreatic Hormones and Diabetes
- The pancreas has two main functions: exocrine, which releases digestive juices, and endocrine, which releases hormones into the blood.
- The endocrine pancreas contains Islets of Langerhans with various cells including alpha, beta, delta, and F cells, which produce hormones like glucagon, insulin, amylin, and somatostatin.
- Glucagon causes cells to release stored food into the blood, while insulin allows cells to take up glucose from the blood.
- Insulin promotes anabolism by increasing glucose transport, enhancing cellular utilization and storage of glucose, and promoting fat synthesis.
- Type 1 diabetes results from pancreatic beta cell destruction, usually diagnosed between 5 and 20 years of age, and requires exogenous insulin replacement.
- Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90% to 95% of cases, is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin or impaired release from dysfunctional beta cells.
- The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes involves both genetic and acquired factors, attributed to sedentary lifestyle, ample food, overweight, and obesity.
- The metabolic syndrome is a combination of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure, with specific criteria including central obesity, high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels.
- Insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes.
- Insulin levels are initially normal or elevated in type 2 diabetes, but eventually become deficient.
- Treatments for type 2 diabetes may involve lifestyle modifications, oral medications, and insulin therapy.
- Genetic defects in insulin action, insulin production, and endocrine disorders, as well as drug-induced diabetes, can also lead to glucose intolerance disorders.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of pancreatic hormones and diabetes with this quiz. Explore the functions of the endocrine pancreas, the roles of insulin and glucagon, and the pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Learn about the metabolic syndrome, treatment options, and factors contributing to glucose intolerance disorders.
