Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which hormone causes cells to release stored food into the blood?
Which hormone causes cells to release stored food into the blood?
- Insulin
- Somatostatin
- Glucagon (correct)
- Amylin
What is the main function of insulin?
What is the main function of insulin?
- Inhibiting fat synthesis
- Promoting uptake of glucose by cells (correct)
- Promoting release of stored food into the blood
- Reducing blood pressure
What characterizes Type 1 diabetes?
What characterizes Type 1 diabetes?
- Insulin resistance
- Pancreatic beta cell destruction (correct)
- Impaired release from dysfunctional beta cells
- Relative lack of insulin
What is the main characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?
What is the main characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?
What are the specific criteria for metabolic syndrome?
What are the specific criteria for metabolic syndrome?
What are the symptoms of insulin deficiency in Type 1 diabetes?
What are the symptoms of insulin deficiency in Type 1 diabetes?
What happens to insulin levels in Type 2 diabetes?
What happens to insulin levels in Type 2 diabetes?
What can lead to glucose intolerance disorders?
What can lead to glucose intolerance disorders?
What is the treatment for Type 2 diabetes?
What is the treatment for Type 2 diabetes?
What is the main function of the exocrine pancreas?
What is the main function of the exocrine pancreas?
Which hormone allows cells to take up glucose from the blood?
Which hormone allows cells to take up glucose from the blood?
What is the main hormone responsible for promoting fat synthesis?
What is the main hormone responsible for promoting fat synthesis?
What is the process of storing foodstuffs inside cells known as?
What is the process of storing foodstuffs inside cells known as?
Which hormone is associated with too much anabolism and low blood glucose?
Which hormone is associated with too much anabolism and low blood glucose?
What is the main hormone responsible for breaking down stored food to release into the blood?
What is the main hormone responsible for breaking down stored food to release into the blood?
What may happen to the woman with a glucagonoma?
What may happen to the woman with a glucagonoma?
What can the liver convert amino acids and free fatty acids into?
What can the liver convert amino acids and free fatty acids into?
Which hormone is associated with increasing blood glucose levels?
Which hormone is associated with increasing blood glucose levels?
What is the main control for anabolism and catabolism?
What is the main control for anabolism and catabolism?
What is the process of breaking down stored foodstuffs into the blood known as?
What is the process of breaking down stored foodstuffs into the blood known as?
What is the tumor that secretes insulin known as?
What is the tumor that secretes insulin known as?
What is the tumor that secretes glucagon known as?
What is the tumor that secretes glucagon known as?
Which hormone is associated with the breakdown of stored foodstuffs into the blood and wasting of tissues?
Which hormone is associated with the breakdown of stored foodstuffs into the blood and wasting of tissues?
Why is the woman with an insulinoma not receiving corticosteroids?
Why is the woman with an insulinoma not receiving corticosteroids?
Study Notes
Pancreatic Hormones and Diabetes
- The pancreas has two main functions: exocrine, which releases digestive juices, and endocrine, which releases hormones into the blood.
- The endocrine pancreas contains Islets of Langerhans with various cells including alpha, beta, delta, and F cells, which produce hormones like glucagon, insulin, amylin, and somatostatin.
- Glucagon causes cells to release stored food into the blood, while insulin allows cells to take up glucose from the blood.
- Insulin promotes anabolism by increasing glucose transport, enhancing cellular utilization and storage of glucose, and promoting fat synthesis.
- Type 1 diabetes results from pancreatic beta cell destruction, usually diagnosed between 5 and 20 years of age, and requires exogenous insulin replacement.
- Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90% to 95% of cases, is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin or impaired release from dysfunctional beta cells.
- The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes involves both genetic and acquired factors, attributed to sedentary lifestyle, ample food, overweight, and obesity.
- The metabolic syndrome is a combination of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure, with specific criteria including central obesity, high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels.
- Insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes.
- Insulin levels are initially normal or elevated in type 2 diabetes, but eventually become deficient.
- Treatments for type 2 diabetes may involve lifestyle modifications, oral medications, and insulin therapy.
- Genetic defects in insulin action, insulin production, and endocrine disorders, as well as drug-induced diabetes, can also lead to glucose intolerance disorders.
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Description
Test your knowledge of pancreatic hormones and diabetes with this quiz. Explore the functions of the endocrine pancreas, the roles of insulin and glucagon, and the pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Learn about the metabolic syndrome, treatment options, and factors contributing to glucose intolerance disorders.
