Pancreatic Hormones & Glucose-Lowering Drugs: Case Study
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Questions and Answers

What is the patient's current HbA1c value?

8.1%

What insulin regimen is the patient currently on?

50 units of insulin glargine and an average of 25 units of insulin aspart pre-meals.

Why was metformin stopped for the patient?

Metformin was stopped because the patient was no longer achieving his glycemic targets.

What signs of complications were present on examination?

<p>Mild peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times a day was the patient checking his glucose levels?

<p>Four times a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the six analogs of human insulin?

<p>Insulin lispro, insulin aspart, insulin glulisine, insulin glargine, insulin detemir, insulin degludec</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the hypoglycemic effect of regular insulin?

<p>5–7 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of most insulins in the United States?

<p>100 units/mL (U100)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of short-acting insulin preparations?

<p>Clear solutions at neutral pH, exist as dimers, assemble into hexamers in the presence of two zinc ions, further stabilized by phenolic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bioavailability characteristics of the insulins?

<p>The mutations engineered into the rapidly acting insulin analogs are designed to disrupt the stabilizing intermolecular interactions of the dimers and hexamers, leading to more rapid absorption into the circulation after subcutaneous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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