Overview of Respiratory Tract
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Questions and Answers

What does the suffix "-itis" in medical terminology indicate?

  • Degeneration of an organ
  • Infection of an organ
  • Inflammation of an organ (correct)
  • Tumor of an organ

    • Which structure is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

  • Trachea (correct)
  • Epiglottis
  • Pharynx
  • Nasal cavity

    • What role do goblet cells play in the respiratory tract?

  • Support airway structure
  • Transport oxygen
  • Produce mucus (correct)
  • Regulate air temperature

    • Which of these is an innate defense mechanism of the respiratory tract?

    <p>Ciliated epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT considered part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

    <p>Alveolar macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral infections are classified as upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs)?

    <p>Common cold and influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the mucociliary escalator serve in the respiratory system?

    <p>Moves mucus and trapped particles upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the lower respiratory tract?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary causative agent of the common cold?

    <p>More than 200 different viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used to diagnose the common cold?

    <p>Nasal or nasopharyngeal swab with NAAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic do respiratory tract microbiota and skin flora share?

    <p>They can include opportunistic pathogens in low numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment strategy recommended for the common cold?

    <p>Supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is respiratory synctial virus (RSV) classified?

    <p>RNA enveloped virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding normal microbiota is accurate?

    <p>It varies significantly from person to person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with the common cold?

    <p>Runny nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transmission of the common cold primarily occurs through which method?

    <p>Respiratory droplets and contact with fomites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the respiratory tract microbiota?

    <p>It varies from person to person and is influenced by multiple factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to diagnose a common cold?

    <p>Nasal or nasopharyngeal swab for NAAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common transmission method for the common cold?

    <p>Respiratory droplets and contact with fomites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with severe infections from the common cold?

    <p>Development of pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is most commonly associated with the common cold?

    <p>Rhinoviruses and Coronaviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the normal microbiota of the respiratory tract compare to that of the skin?

    <p>Both can harbor opportunistic pathogens in low numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccines are available for conditions linked to respiratory infections?

    <p>RSV vaccine and ADV vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is least likely associated with the common cold?

    <p>Sudden high fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is included in the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do alveolar macrophages play in the respiratory system?

    <p>Engulf pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes?

    <p>Bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true regarding mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

    <p>It includes adenoids and tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with the common cold?

    <p>Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ciliated epithelial cells in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Moving mucus upwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom specifically associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections?

    <p>Sore throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of mucus in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Provides nutrients to epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Respiratory Tract

    • Respiratory tract encompasses both the upper and lower respiratory tracts
    • Upper respiratory tract (URT) includes the pharynx and epiglottis
    • Lower respiratory tract (LRT) includes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs

    Innate Defenses

    • Respiratory tract includes innate defenses to combat pathogens
    • Mucous membranes, including goblet cells, cilia, and the mucociliary escalator, trap and expel pathogens
    • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), including adenoids and tonsils, provides immune protection
    • Alveolar macrophages engulf and destroy foreign invaders
    • Normal microbiota competes with pathogenic microbes, limiting their colonization

    Respiratory Tract Microbiota

    • Similar to skin and mouth flora, may include opportunistic pathogens in low numbers
    • Microbiota varies from person to person, influenced by factors like immune status and antibiotic use

    Common Cold

    • Caused by over 200 different viruses, including rhinoviruses and coronaviruses (40-60%)
    • Rhinoviruses and coronaviruses are the most common culprits
    • Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets and contact with fomites
    • Symptoms include runny nose, sneezing, fatigue, coughing, stridor, dyspnea
    • Severe infections can lead to pneumonia, inflammation of the alveoli
    • Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms or nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs
    • Treatment is primarily supportive including rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications
    • RSV and ADV vaccines help protect against some forms of the common cold

    RSV

    • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA, enveloped virus
    • Can cause severe infections, especially in infants and the elderly
    • Can lead to bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and respiratory distress
    • Diagnosis is typically based on clinical presentation and nasal swab
    • Treatment includes supportive care, oxygen therapy, and respiratory support in severe cases

    Respiratory System Overview

    • The respiratory tract is divided into the upper respiratory tract (URT) and the lower respiratory tract (LRT).
    • The URT includes the pharynx and epiglottis.
    • The LRT includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

    Innate Defenses of the Respiratory Tract

    • The respiratory tract has several innate defenses, including:
      • Mucous membranes: Goblet cells secrete mucus, which traps pathogens.
      • Ciliated epithelial cells: These cells beat rhythmically to move mucus and trapped pathogens up the respiratory tract (mucociliary escalator).
      • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT): This tissue includes adenoids and tonsils, which are important for immune responses.
      • Alveolar macrophages: These cells reside in the alveoli and phagocytize pathogens.
      • Normal microbiota: The presence of normal microbiota helps to prevent the growth of harmful pathogens.

    Respiratory Tract Microbiota

    • The normal microbiota of the respiratory tract varies between individuals, depending on factors such as immune status, antibiotic use, and smoking.
    • The upper respiratory tract and mouth contain similar microbiota to the skin.
    • The lower respiratory tract is usually sterile, with transient microbes only.

    Common Cold

    • The common cold is caused by over 200 different viruses, including rhinoviruses, coronaviruses (40-60%), HPIV, RSV, and ADV.
    • Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets and contact with fomites.
    • Symptoms include runny nose, sneezing, fatigue, coughing, stridor, dyspnea.
    • Severe infections can lead to pneumonia, which is inflammation of the alveoli.
    • Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and can be confirmed with a nasal or nasopharyngeal swab using a NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test).
    • Treatment is supportive care, aiming to manage symptoms.
    • There are vaccines available for RSV and ADV.

    RSV

    • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an RNA, enveloped virus.
    • It can cause more serious infections in children and infants.
    • It causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

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    Respiratory System And Viral URTI Lecture Overview PDF

    Description

    Explore the anatomy and function of the respiratory tract, including its innate defenses against pathogens. This quiz covers the upper and lower respiratory tracts, as well as the role of microbiota and common illnesses like the cold.

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