Respiratory Tract Infections Overview
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Questions and Answers

The upper respiratory tract includes the mouth, nose, sinus, throat, and ______.

larynx

Upper respiratory infections are often referred to as ______.

colds

The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, ______ tubes, and the lungs.

bronchial

The cough associated with a cold is usually ______ (no sputum from the lung is being produced).

<p>dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

In some infants and children, the upper airways may become inflamed causing ______ (laryngotracheobronchitis, acute LTB).

<p>croup</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common complaints associated with a cold are usually ______.

<p>mild</p> Signup and view all the answers

URTI can cause sinusitis symptoms such as fullness in the face, increased nasal drainage, and occasionally ______ and fever.

<p>pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

To diagnose a URTI, a physical exam and assessment of symptoms is usually sufficient, but in some cases a ______ X-ray may be needed.

<p>lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ respiratory tract infection can affect the airways.

<p>lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person with latent TB will have no ______, and no damage will show on a chest X-ray.

<p>symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of a ______ severe lower respiratory tract infection can include a dry cough, low fever, and a runny nose.

<p>less</p> Signup and view all the answers

An individual with TB disease may experience a cough that produces ______, fatigue, a fever, chills, and a loss of appetite and weight.

<p>phlegm</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ tint to the skin can be a symptom of a severe lower respiratory tract infection.

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lower respiratory tract infections differ from ______ respiratory tract infections by the area of the respiratory tract they affect.

<p>upper</p> Signup and view all the answers

TB usually affects the ______, though symptoms can develop in other parts of the body.

<p>lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two tests can show whether TB bacteria are present: the TB skin test and the TB ______ test.

<p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is a symptom that people with lower respiratory tract infections will experience.

<p>Coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

To test for active TB disease, the doctor may recommend a sputum test and a chest ______.

<p>X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

People with upper respiratory tract infections will feel the symptoms mainly ______ the neck.

<p>above</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs.

<p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

TB can be ______ but in many cases, it is preventable and treatable.

<p>fatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Latent TB

An inactive TB infection with no symptoms or lung damage.

Active TB Symptoms

Cough, fatigue, fever, chills, weight loss in active TB.

Early Warning Signs

Indicators like persistent cough, night sweats, and loss of appetite.

Diagnosis Methods

Includes skin/blood tests, sputum tests, and X-rays for TB detection.

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TB Outside Lungs

TB can affect other body areas, especially in weak immune systems.

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Upper Respiratory Tract

Includes mouth, nose, sinuses, throat, and larynx.

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Common Cold

A viral upper respiratory infection with symptoms like runny nose and cough.

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Symptoms of a Cold

Typical symptoms include runny nose, cough, sore throat, and mild fever.

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Croup

Inflammation of upper airways causing a barking cough, often in children.

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Lower Respiratory Tract

Includes trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs, where bronchitis and pneumonia occur.

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Diagnosis of URTI

Based on physical exam and symptoms; often no tests needed unless lung infection is suspected.

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Treatment for URTI

Most are viral; focus on symptom relief with rest, fluids, and pain relievers.

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Bacterial URTI Treatment

If bacterial, antibiotics may be prescribed, commonly penicillin or amoxicillin.

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Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Infections affecting the airways below the larynx, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis.

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Common Symptoms of Mild Infections

Dry cough, low fever, runny nose, mild sore throat, and dull headache.

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Severe Infection Symptoms

Severe cough with phlegm, fever, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, chest pain, wheezing, and cyanosis.

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Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Infections

Typically diagnosed through symptom discussion, physical examination, and possible further tests like chest X-rays.

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Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes causing a cough and mucus production.

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Pneumonia

Infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, potentially filling them with fluid or pus.

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Tuberculosis (TB)

A serious infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs, caused by bacteria spread through the air.

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Upper vs Lower Respiratory Infections

Upper infections occur in the larynx and above; lower infections occur below the larynx with distinct symptoms.

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Study Notes

Respiratory Tract Infections

  • Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections affecting the respiratory system
  • RTIs are categorized as upper or lower, depending on the affected area
  • Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) include the mouth, nose, sinuses, throat, and larynx (voice box)
  • Common cold symptoms include nasal congestion, runny nose, low-grade fever, post-nasal drip, dry cough
  • Post-nasal drip can cause cough producing nasal secretions
  • Croup is a type of URTI characterized by inflamed airways, especially the larynx, causing a croupy or barking cough.
  • Common cold symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, nasal/sinus blockage (thick mucus), headache, sore throat, cough, mild fever
  • Sinusitis can cause facial fullness, increased nasal drainage and occasionally pain and fever
  • For diagnosis of URTI, a physical exam is usually sufficient, but if a lung infection is suspected, additional tests like a chest X-ray, CT scan, pulmonary function tests, nasal/throat swabs, sputum tests may be needed
  • Treatments for URTI are typically symptomatic, involving pain relievers, rest, and fluids, since viruses are the common cause. Antibiotics are not usually effective against viruses
  • Bacterial URTIs, like strep throat, may require antibiotics (e.g., Penicillin or Amoxicillin)

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs)

  • LRTIs affect the lungs, parts below the voice box
  • LRTIs include bronchitis, pneumonia, and tuberculosis
  • Bronchitis, affects the airways
  • Pneumonia affects the air sacs at the end of airways
  • Tuberculosis, a bacterial infection, can affect numerous organs in the body, but commonly the lungs
  • Symptoms of less severe LRTIs can be similar to the common cold, including a dry cough, low-grade fever, runny nose, stuffed-up nose
  • More severe LRTIs can cause a severe cough producing phlegm, fever, difficulty breathing, blue tint to the skin, rapid breathing, chest pain, wheezing
  • To diagnose LRTI, physicians examine the patient, listen to their chest with a stethoscope, and may order additional tests like pulse oximetry to measure blood oxygen, x-rays or CT scans can reveal pneumonia or other lung problems, or blood tests to check for bacteria
  • Treatment of LRTIs may include antibiotics depending on the cause (bacterial vs viral)

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), including their classification into upper and lower categories. You will learn about the symptoms associated with common conditions such as the common cold, croup, and sinusitis, alongside diagnostic methods employed for effective treatment. Test your knowledge on this vital aspect of health and medicine.

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