Respiratory Tract Infections

Where does Q fever come from?

What does Psittacosis come from?

Which of the following are frequent sites of infection? (Select all that apply)

What are the most dangerous fungal infections? (Select all that apply)

Which bacterial species can cause otitis, sinusitis, and mastoiditis?

What organisms can cause Pharyngitis? (Select all that apply)

Which organism causes strep throat?

Which organism has the following description:

• Contains M proteins which inhibit phagocytosis
• Produces pyrogenic toxins which cause the symptoms seen with pharyngitis?

What does Group A streptococcus cause on the tonsils?

What causes scarlet fever and scarlet syndrome?

What else can streptococcal pyrogenic toxin cause? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following are streptolysins? (Select all that apply)

Which population is scarlet fever usually seen in?

What do scarlet fever symptoms begin with?

Which of the following pathologies has the listed symptoms:

-Sore throat with yellow or white papules

• Fever 101 degrees or higher
• Lymphadenopathy in neck
• Headache, body aches and nausea?

What makes diphtheria life threatening?

What can diphtheria toxemia cause?

How is diphtheria transmitted?

What are the components of the diphtheria exotoxins?

Which of the following organisms has the following description: small gram-positive bacillus and poorly invasive (effects due to exotoxin)?

Which diphtheria exotoxin is used for entry into the target cell?

Which diphtheria exotoxin displays inhibition of protein synthesis?

What is the pseudomembrane of diphtheria composed of? (Select all that apply)

What does diphtheria present with? (Select all that apply)

Where does the diphtheria pseudomembrane develop? (Select all that apply)

What are complicated diphtheria cases due to?

What is a systemic infection associated with diphtheria?

What are characteristics of diphtheria skin infections?

What is most important in diphtheria treatment?

What can neutralize the free toxin in Diphtheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is sensitive to many antibiotics.

Which of the following are viral infections of the upper respiratory tract?

What is the most common cold virus?

What are 50% of rhinoviruses characterized as?

Which of the following is described below: Very small, non-enveloped, ssRNA virus?

How many types of parainfluenza viruses are there?

What do all parainfluenza viruses have in common?

What differentiates parainfluenza from influenza?

There is no treatment for parainfluenza viruses.

Which parainfluenza type has the following description:

-Major cause of laryngotracheitis (acute croup) in infants and young children

• Causes severe upper respiratory illness (pharyngitis and tracheobronchitis) in all age groups
• Outbreaks usually occur in fall?

Which parainfluenza virus type has the following description:

-Major cause of severe lower respiratory infection in infants and young children

• Causes bronchitis and pneumonia in children less than one year of age
• Infections occur throughout the year
• 50% of all children are exposed to virus during 1st year of life?

What are the 4 stages of classic lobar pneumonia?

Match each classic lobar pneumonia stage to its description

What does community-acquired pneumonia usually present as?

What can community acquired pneumonia progress into?

Which species cause typical community-acquired pneumonia? (Select all that apply)

Which species cause atypical community acquired pneumonia? (Select all that apply)

What are some characteristics of atypical pneumonia? (Select all that apply)

Match each pneumonia type to its description

Which species can cause both community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia?

What is the treatment for Chlamydia pneumoniae? (Select all that apply)

What causes walking pneumonia and 30% of all teenage pneumonias?

What can mycoplasma pneumonia cause?

Which of the following is described: -Gram negative rod -Ubiquitous in fresh water -Transmitted to humans as a humidified aerosol -Facultative intracellular parasite?

Which of the following uses Acanthamoeba as a reservoir?

Which pathogen enters alveoli to infect macrophages and produces endocytic vesicles?

What does debilitation in nosocomial pneumonia cause?

What is there a rapid turnover of in the pathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia?

Which organism is nosocomial pneumonia usually associated with?

What organism causes whooping cough?

Which of the following is described as a Gram-negative coccobacillus with humans as its reservoir?

What group usually spreads whooping cough infections to schools and daycare centers?

What does Pertussis have an affinity for?

What does Pertussis produce once it attaches?

Match each stage of pertussis with its definition

What are some complications that can occur with a pertussis infection? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following is described as a Gram-positive rod that is spore-forming?

Which organism has the following symptoms:

• 1-5 days of nonspecific malaise, mild fever, nonproductive cough
• Progressive respiratory distress and cyanosis
• Rapid and massive spread to CNS and blood followed by death?

What is the treatment for anthrax?

Which of the following species is described:

• Rod shaped bacillus
• Acid-fast staining
• Nonspore forming
• Produces mycolic acid?

What is a primary TB complex called?

What do 90% of primary TB infections end as?

What can secondary TB infection lead to?

Where does secondary tuberculosis usually manifest?

Which of the following are treatments for tuberculosis (TB)? (Select all that apply)

What family does influenza belong to?

What are the three major influenza serotypes?

What organism is the host of influenza?

Which organism is the reservoir of influenza?

What is a serious complication of influenza infection?

Which bacteria are the common cause of influenza superinfections? (Select all that apply)

What does Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) form in infected cells?

Which of the following are clinical signs of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)? (Select all that apply)

What is an atypical feature of Pneumocystis jiroveci?

What radiographic appearance is indicative of Pneumocystis jiroveci?

What does blastomycosis spread to?

Where is histoplasmosis typically found?

What is a short-term treatment for histoplasmosis?

What are HIV patients with Histoplasma treated with? (Select all that apply)

What causes valley fever?

Which organism is difficult to diagnose as it is hard to distinguish it from other molds and causes infection in immunocompromised patients?