Respiratory tract infections: Lab diagnosis & treatment

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method for laboratory diagnosis of respiratory pathogens?

Microbiology laboratory testing (correct)

Biochemical testing

Symptoms presented

Clinical examination

What is the incubation duration for TB culture?

1-2 weeks

1-2 days

Overnight

7-8 weeks (correct)

What are biofilms?

Microorganisms produced by the pathogens that can shield them from immune cells.

What is the drug used for treating viral infections for immunocompromised individuals?

Aciclovir Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of sample used for pneumonia testing?

Sputum Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotics are atypical bacteria resistant to?

Penicillin type antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is an obligate intracellular parasite?

Chlamydia Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of non-culturable atypical bacteria typically made?

By antibody testing because these bacteria are not routinely detected by cell culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Mycoplasma and other atypical bacteria such as Chlamydia and Rickettsiae?

Mycoplasma is the smallest bacteria and can survive outside host cells, whereas Chlamydia and Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular parasites and cannot reproduce outside host cells. Signup and view all the answers

Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus are types of fungal pneumonia

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common respiratory pathogen?

Streptococcus pyogenes Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of treatment for viral respiratory infections?

Anti-inflammatory drugs, rehydration and rest Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of treatment for bacterial respiratory infections if the patient is allergic to penicillin?

Clarithromycin/Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of identification of unique structures/antigens by specific antibodies?

Serotyping Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a biofilm-forming bacterial strain?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of treatment for atypical pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila?

Special media containing cysteine and iron for culture Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of sample used for microbiology laboratory testing for respiratory pathogens?

Throat/laryngeal swabs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria are common respiratory pathogens?

Streptococcus pyogenes Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation duration for TB culture in respiratory infection samples?

7-8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of treatment for bacterial respiratory infections according to NICE guidelines?

Penicillin V/Amoxicillin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pneumonia is associated with high mortality and requires special media containing cysteine and iron for culture?

Atypical pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of treatment for viral respiratory infections?

Anti-inflammatory drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of serotyping in laboratory diagnosis of respiratory pathogens?

To recognize unique structures/antigens by specific antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is most suitable for detecting non-culturable microorganisms that are resistant to penicillin-type antibiotics?

Molecular diagnostic techniques such as PCR/sequencing Signup and view all the answers

What type of individuals are more susceptible to fungal pneumonia caused by Cryptococcus neoformans?

Immunocompromised individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of samples are suitable for culture and sensitivity (MC&S) testing in microbiology laboratories?

Throat/laryngeal swabs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is the smallest?

Mycoplasma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is resistant to penicillin type antibiotics due to its atypical cell wall structure?

All of them Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria are transmitted by ticks, fleas, and lice?

Rickettsiae Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cryptococcus neoformans?

Causes invasive aspergillosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way in which Aspergillus affects the body?

It produces extracellular proteases and phospholipases in the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why Cryptococcus neoformans is resistant to host immune responses?

It has a thick polysaccharide capsule Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Pathogens

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory pathogens involves clinical examination, symptoms presented, and investigations such as C Reactive Protein (CRP) for pneumonia diagnosis.
Microbiology laboratory testing includes microscopy, culture and sensitivity (MC&S) for samples such as throat/laryngeal swabs, ear swabs, and sputum for pneumonia.
Incubation duration for non-TB bacterial respiratory infection samples is typically overnight, but TB culture takes up to 7-8 weeks.
Biochemical testing for metabolic profiles is based on preferential utilization of metabolites such as carbohydrates, peptides, and organic compounds.
Serotyping involves recognizing unique structures/antigens by specific antibodies, such as Lancefield grouping for beta-hemolytic Streptococci.
Common respiratory pathogens include Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Encapsulated bacterial strains form biofilm, making them resistant to host immune response and antibiotics.
Atypical pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila is a severe pneumonia associated with high mortality and requires special media containing cysteine and iron for culture.
Fungal pneumonia caused by Cryptococcus neoformans affects immunocompromised individuals and can spread to the brain, causing meningitis.
Treatment of bacterial respiratory infections follows NICE guidelines and involves primarily Penicillin V/Amoxicillin, with Clarithromycin/Erythromycin for penicillin allergy, and beta-lactamase inhibitors if no improvement.
Viral respiratory infections are primarily treated with supportive measures such as rehydration, anti-inflammatory drugs, and rest, with Aciclovir prescribed for severely affected individuals or immunocompromised patients.
Serological testing for antibodies and molecular diagnostic techniques such as PCR/sequencing are used for non-culturable microorganisms, which are resistant to penicillin-type antibiotics due to atypical bacterial cell wall structure.
Learning objectives include understanding the processes involved in laboratory diagnosis and identification of respiratory pathogens and outlining the available treatment regimes for respiratory infections.

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Description

Test your knowledge on laboratory diagnosis and treatment of respiratory pathogens with this informative quiz. Get familiar with the microbiology laboratory testing techniques, incubation durations, and biochemical testing for metabolic profiles. Identify common respiratory pathogens and learn about their unique characteristics and treatment options. Challenge yourself with questions on atypical pneumonia, fungal pneumonia, and viral respiratory infections. Take this quiz now and enhance your understanding of laboratory diagnosis and treatment of respiratory pathogens.