Over the Counter Drugs: Decongestants & NSAIDs

Decongestants reduce nasal congestion by stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptor sites on vascular smooth muscles, causing the dilated arterioles to constrict and reducing the blood flow to engorged nasal vascular beds.

Pseudoephedrine has only 25% of the adrenergic receptor activity of ephedrine.

PPA was discontinued due to the risk of haemorrhagic stroke associated with its use, particularly among women.

<p>Serious manifestations include seizures, dysrhythmias, cerebral haemorrhage, and psychosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naphazoline, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, and xylometazoline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxicity usually manifests as CNS stimulation, hypertension, and tachycardia (bradycardia with phenylpropanolamine). Headache is common.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactive vasodilation of the nasal mucosa, acute psychosis, and hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N-acetylcysteine (NAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-paraaminophenol, paracetamol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic use or large doses lead to depletion of glutathione stores, allowing the accumulation of toxic NAPQI metabolite, which binds to hepatocyte membranes and sulfhydril proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitroprusside or nifedipine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NAC restores glutathione reserves by providing sulfhydril donors for the detoxification of NAPQI and increases sulfate conjugation, preventing excess NAPQI production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seizures, agitation, and psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding of NAPQI to hepatocyte membranes and sulfhydril proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhances ASA elimination by alkalinizing the urine and simultaneously reverses metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum creatine phosphokinase and renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IV diazepam, barbiturates, or neuromuscular blocking agents</p> Signup and view all the answers