29 Questions
Where are the highest concentrations of OPs found in the body?
Liver and Kidneys
What type of barrier can OPs easily cross due to their high lipid solubility?
Blood/Brain barrier
What are common initial symptoms of OP toxicity in patients?
Vomiting and Diarrhea
Which route of entry allows OPs to be well absorbed according to the text?
Dermal
What feature of OPs leads to a need for a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis of toxicity?
Non-specific symptoms
What are the local symptoms of neurotoxic snake venom?
Fang marks, redness, hotness, and swelling
What is the first systemic sign of neurotoxic snake venom toxicity?
Ptosis, numbness in lips & tongue
What is a key management step in dealing with snake venom toxicity?
Reassuring the patient
What is the purpose of immobilizing the affected limb in snake venom toxicity management?
To stop venom absorption
Why is it important to examine the site of bite in snake venom toxicity management?
To decide if antivenom is needed
What is a potential consequence of using tourniquet proximal to the snake bite?
Increased venom absorption
What is the first step in managing Organophosphates (OPs) toxicity?
Blockade of Muscarinic activity with ATROPINE
Which life-threatening symptoms does atropine help to reverse in OPs toxicity management?
Bronchospasm
In snake venom toxicity, which muscles are mainly affected leading to respiratory failure?
Respiratory muscles
What is the main characteristic of neurotoxic venom found in cobra venom?
Low molecular weight and dialyzable
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of atropine toxicity?
Bradycardia
What is the target heart rate that atropine aims to achieve in OPs toxicity management?
>80 bpm
What are the reported symptoms of nutmeg abuse?
Tachycardia, salivation, and CNS excitation
Which enzymatic activity leads to the formation of cyanide from cyanogenic glycosides?
Hydrolytic enzymes
What is the upper safety limit of solanine in potatoes per 100g fresh weight?
20 mg
Which category of mushroom toxins causes symptoms like profuse sweating, hallucinations, and coma?
Neurotoxins
What type of symptoms do protoplasmic poisons from mushrooms cause?
Organ failure
What distinguishes disulfram-like toxins among the categories of mushroom toxins?
They are usually nontoxic and produce no symptoms
What are the symptoms that may occur if alcohol is consumed within 72 hours after eating mushrooms?
Vomiting, nausea, headache, flushing, cardiovascular disturbances
In mushroom poisoning, which phase involves severe vomiting, abdominal cramps, nausea, and watery diarrhea?
Phase 2
What is characteristic of Phase 3 in mushroom poisoning?
Improved clinical symptoms
What is the primary source of mycotoxins known for inducing toxic effects in animals and humans?
Fungi
Which fungal genera are often responsible for producing mycotoxins?
Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium
Which species of Aspergillus are responsible for producing aflatoxins?
A. flavus and A. parasiticus
Test your knowledge on the toxicokinetics and mechanism of action of organophosphates. Learn about their absorption, distribution, and effects on the central nervous system.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
