Organophosphate Toxicokinetics and Mechanism of Action Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where are the highest concentrations of OPs found in the body?

  • Liver and Kidneys (correct)
  • Muscles and Joints
  • Brain and Spinal Cord
  • Heart and Lungs
  • What type of barrier can OPs easily cross due to their high lipid solubility?

  • Intestinal barrier
  • Skin barrier
  • Blood/Brain barrier (correct)
  • Respiratory barrier
  • What are common initial symptoms of OP toxicity in patients?

  • Headache and Dizziness
  • Vomiting and Diarrhea (correct)
  • Chest pain and Shortness of breath
  • Fever and Chills
  • Which route of entry allows OPs to be well absorbed according to the text?

    <p>Dermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of OPs leads to a need for a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis of toxicity?

    <p>Non-specific symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the local symptoms of neurotoxic snake venom?

    <p>Fang marks, redness, hotness, and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first systemic sign of neurotoxic snake venom toxicity?

    <p>Ptosis, numbness in lips &amp; tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key management step in dealing with snake venom toxicity?

    <p>Reassuring the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of immobilizing the affected limb in snake venom toxicity management?

    <p>To stop venom absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to examine the site of bite in snake venom toxicity management?

    <p>To decide if antivenom is needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using tourniquet proximal to the snake bite?

    <p>Increased venom absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in managing Organophosphates (OPs) toxicity?

    <p>Blockade of Muscarinic activity with ATROPINE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which life-threatening symptoms does atropine help to reverse in OPs toxicity management?

    <p>Bronchospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In snake venom toxicity, which muscles are mainly affected leading to respiratory failure?

    <p>Respiratory muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of neurotoxic venom found in cobra venom?

    <p>Low molecular weight and dialyzable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of atropine toxicity?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target heart rate that atropine aims to achieve in OPs toxicity management?

    <p>&gt;80 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reported symptoms of nutmeg abuse?

    <p>Tachycardia, salivation, and CNS excitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymatic activity leads to the formation of cyanide from cyanogenic glycosides?

    <p>Hydrolytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper safety limit of solanine in potatoes per 100g fresh weight?

    <p>20 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of mushroom toxins causes symptoms like profuse sweating, hallucinations, and coma?

    <p>Neurotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symptoms do protoplasmic poisons from mushrooms cause?

    <p>Organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes disulfram-like toxins among the categories of mushroom toxins?

    <p>They are usually nontoxic and produce no symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms that may occur if alcohol is consumed within 72 hours after eating mushrooms?

    <p>Vomiting, nausea, headache, flushing, cardiovascular disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mushroom poisoning, which phase involves severe vomiting, abdominal cramps, nausea, and watery diarrhea?

    <p>Phase 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Phase 3 in mushroom poisoning?

    <p>Improved clinical symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of mycotoxins known for inducing toxic effects in animals and humans?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal genera are often responsible for producing mycotoxins?

    <p>Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Aspergillus are responsible for producing aflatoxins?

    <p>A. flavus and A. parasiticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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