Questions and Answers
What is an organic compound?
What is Organic Chemistry?
A major branch of chemistry that deals with compounds of carbon.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Define refining in the context of chemistry.
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What is an alkene?
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What is an alkyne?
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What is a cycloalkene?
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What is cracking?
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What does aliphatic mean?
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What is an alkane?
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What is a homologous series?
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What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
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What is a structural isomer?
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Define an alkyl branch.
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What is a cycloalkane?
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What is hydrogenation?
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What does aromatic mean?
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What is a phenyl group?
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Define fractionation.
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What is a fraction in fractionation?
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What is hydrocracking?
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What is catalytic reforming?
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Study Notes
Organic Compounds
- Composed of carbon atoms; may exist as gases, liquids, or solids.
Organic Chemistry
- Focuses on carbon-containing compounds, excluding certain oxides and ionic carbon compounds like carbonates and cyanides.
Hydrocarbon
- Defined as compounds solely made of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Refining
- Involves both physical and chemical methods to separate complex mixtures into simpler, purer components.
Alkene
- Characterized by having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; follows the formula CnH2n.
Alkyne
- Contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds; has a general formula of CnH2n-2.
Cycloalkene
- A cyclic hydrocarbon that includes at least one carbon-carbon double bond, forming a ring structure.
Cracking
- A process to break larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones through high temperatures, optionally using catalysts.
Aliphatic
- Encompasses a diverse group of hydrocarbons, including straight or branched chains and rings of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, omitting aromatic compounds.
Alkane
- Composed solely of carbon-carbon single bonds; represented by the general formula CnH2n+2.
Homologous Series
- A series of chemically similar compounds, each differing by a constant unit (e.g., CH2).
Saturated Hydrocarbon
- Contains only carbon-carbon single bonds, providing complete hydrogen atom saturation.
Structural Isomer
- Shares the same molecular formula with another compound but possesses a distinct structural configuration.
Alkyl Branch
- A side chain consisting of carbon and hydrogen that connects to the main molecular structure through single bonds.
Cycloalkane
- A cyclic hydrocarbon where all carbon-carbon bonds are single-bonded; follows the formula CnH2n.
Hydrogenation
- Involves the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated hydrocarbons, reducing the number of multiple bonds.
Aromatic
- Refers to compounds that have a structure similar to that of benzene or benzene-like rings.
Phenyl Group
- Denoted as C6H5, it represents a benzene ring attached as a substituent to a main carbon chain.
Fractionation
- The process of separating components of crude oil based on their boiling point differences.
Fraction
- A specific product obtained through fractionation, characterized by its boiling-point range or the number of carbon atoms in its molecules.
Hydrocracking
- Combines catalytic cracking with hydrogenation to convert heavier feedstocks into lighter products, like gasoline.
Catalytic Reforming
- Converts naphtha fractions into aromatic gasoline molecules through a specialized chemical process.
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Test your knowledge of key terms in organic chemistry with these flashcards. Each card features a definition that helps illuminate the principles of organic compounds and reactions. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in mastering organic chemistry terminology.