Classes of Organic Compounds Flashcards

Study Notes

Classes of Organic Compounds

Alkane: Saturated hydrocarbons with the formula CnH2n+2, characterized by single bonds. Names end in -ane.
Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, with the general formula CnH2n.
Alkyne: Compounds that feature carbon-carbon triple bonds. They are named by changing the suffix of the corresponding alkane from -ane to -yne. General formula is CnH2n-2.
Aromatic Compound: The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene, featuring a six-membered ring with alternating double bonds. When bonded to another group, it forms a phenyl group.
Alkyl Halide: Derived from alkanes where one hydrogen is replaced by a halogen (X= F, Cl, Br, I). Contains the functional group -X.
Alcohol: Contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group replacing a hydrogen atom. Classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on carbon atoms bonded to the carbon with the -OH group.
Ether: Compounds with an ether functional group represented as -OR, where R represents an alkyl group.
Amine: Contains an amino group (-NH₂). Classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom.
Thiol: Features a mercapto group (-SH), representing organic compounds with sulfur.
Sulfide: Contains an alkylthio group (-SR), indicating the presence of sulfur bonded to carbon.
Aldehyde: Characterized by the carbonyl functional group (C=O) located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
Ketone: A compound featuring a carbonyl group (R-CO-R), where there must be at least three carbon atoms present in the chain.
Carboxylic Acid: Defined by the carboxyl functional group (-COOH), marking it as an organic compound with distinguishing properties related to the -COOH group.
Ester: A derivative of carboxylic acids, typically formed from the reaction of an acid with an alcohol.
Amide: Compounds represented by the general formulas -CONH₂, -CONHR, or -CONR₂. They are derivatives of carboxylic acids where the -OH group is replaced by an amino group, with a planar structure and bond angles around 120°.

Description

Test your knowledge of the various classes of organic compounds with these flashcards. Learn about alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds through concise definitions. Perfect for chemistry students looking to enhance their understanding of hydrocarbons.