Oral Pathology Overview and Diagnosis

Students should identify the causes, processes, effects, and management of diseases.

Students will use clinical features and radiographic analysis.

Students should be able to enumerate the etiology and pathogenesis of common oral diseases.

<p>Recognizing signs and symptoms is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management of oral diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Students are expected to assess radiographic and laboratory reports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The practical skill of performing spot diagnosis involves this discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Students will comprehend various factors impacting prognosis through analytical methods and learning outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Students should be able to describe the scientific terms of the oral pathology course.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cleft palate is a defect due to improper fusion of the palatal processes, which can vary in severity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleft palate types include cleft of primary palate, cleft of secondary palate, cleft of soft palate only, submucous cleft, and bifid uvula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants may face feeding difficulties, a tendency to aspirate food, infections of the nasopharynx, and ear problems leading to possible deafness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleft palate can lead to speech problems, particularly in producing sounds like K, S, and G, affecting pronunciation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early treatment is crucial to prevent complications and ensure proper growth and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children with cleft palate may experience esthetic concerns, social challenges, and psychological issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Submucous cleft palate is characterized by an intact surface mucosa but a defect in the underlying musculature of the soft palate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the mildest form of cleft palate, the cleft or bifid uvula is a common finding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polysaccharides have a large molecular weight, diffuse slowly into dental plaque, and are not easily metabolized by oral bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sticky carbohydrates are more cariogenic than liquids due to slower clearance from the oral cavity, with solid forms being more cariogenic than hard ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent intake of carbohydrates between meals increases caries activity more than the total amount consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microorganisms, particularly certain species like Streptococci and lactobacilli, are essential for the initiation and progression of dental caries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cariogenic bacteria must be acidogenic, acidouric, possess attachment mechanisms, produce extracellular polysaccharides, store intracellular polysaccharides, and have proteolytic enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refined carbohydrates are softer and sweeter, which increases their cariogenic potential compared to unrefined foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus mutans initiates caries, lactobacilli progresses caries, and Actinomyces is associated with root caries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only oral intake exposes carbohydrates to dental plaque and bacteria, which directly contributes to caries formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pit and fissure caries, smooth surface caries, cervical caries, and root (cemental) caries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chalky white spot lesion is the first visible sign of pit and fissure caries on enamel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth surface caries usually begins below the contact point in lower teeth and above the contact area in upper teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary caries develops on previously unaffected tooth surfaces, while secondary caries occurs around existing restorations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical caries occurs on the cervical areas of teeth, particularly on the buccal, lingual, or labial surfaces with gingival recession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute caries progresses rapidly and often leads to significant tissue destruction, while chronic caries develops slowly and may remain asymptomatic for an extended period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial caries indicates early enamel demineralization, moderate caries involves deeper enamel involvement, and profound caries reaches into the dentin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advanced smooth surface caries shows roughened surfaces with brown or black coloration, indicating cavitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three primary defense mechanisms are dead tract, sclerotic dentin, and reactionary or reparative dentin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sclerotic dentin forms through the deposition of calcium salts in the tubules, leading to their narrowing, which acts as a barrier against the spread of acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dentin is a living tissue with 20% organic content mainly composed of collagen, while enamel is an inorganic structure and does not contain living cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Dead tract' refers to dentinal tubules that are filled with gases and degenerated cells due to the death of odontoblasts, appearing dark under transmitted light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The progression involves a sequence starting from Zone I (fatty degeneration) to Zone V (decomposed dentine), indicating advancing stages of decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cavity caused by dentin caries is conical in shape with its apex directed toward the pulp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactionary or reparative dentin forms as a pulpal response aimed at delaying pulp involvement and providing a barrier against acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The natural spread of caries initiates along the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) and invades numerous dentinal tubules, potentially leading to significant cavity formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dental plaque is a thin gelatinous biofilm on the tooth surface, primarily composed of microorganisms (50-60%) and a matrix of proteins, carbohydrates, inorganic salts, and desquamated epithelial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acquired pellicle forms through the deposition of salivary glycoproteins and acts as a substrate that enables bacterial adherence and colonization on the tooth surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial colonization occurs when bacteria adhere to the pellicle after a period of 12-24 hours, facilitated by receptors in the pellicle and projections from bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thickness of the dental plaque and its bacterial population are the most important factors influencing its cariogenicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dental plaque provides nutrition for bacterial metabolism and retains acid in high concentration in contact with the tooth surface for extended periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluoride is the most important cariostatic trace element present in dental plaque, aiding in the prevention of dental caries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With time, dental plaque undergoes mineralization, resulting in the formation of calculus, which cannot be removed by rinsing or irrigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The matrix of dental plaque originates from salivary proteins and extracellular polysaccharides produced by bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers