Oral Pathology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of an oblique facial cleft?

  • Premature arrest of fusion between maxillary and lateral nasal processes
  • Incomplete fusion of maxillary and lateral nasal processes (correct)
  • Excessive fusion between maxillary and mandibular processes
  • Complete absence of the jaw

Which condition is characterized by a large jaw and can be congenital or acquired?

  • Macrognathia (correct)
  • Cleft lip
  • Agnathia
  • Micrognathia

Which type of cleft lip extends completely to the nose?

  • Bilateral Complete (correct)
  • Bilateral Incomplete
  • Unilateral Complete (correct)
  • Unilateral Incomplete

What distinguishes micrognathia from relative micrognathia?

<p>Micrognathia involves actual small jaw versus jaw position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of macrostomia?

<p>Premature arrest of fusion between maxillary and mandibular processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a true form of macrognathia?

<p>Relative macrognathia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of developmental disturbance results from environmental factors and heredity affecting the upper lip?

<p>Cleft lip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes agnathia from macrognathia?

<p>Agnathia is characterized by the absence of the jaw (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical feature of Median Rhomboid Glossitis?

<p>Depapillated tongue (B), Painless lesions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is generally used for Atrophic Candidiasis associated with Median Rhomboid Glossitis?

<p>Antifungal medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common etiology associated with Hairy Tongue?

<p>Gastric upset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description best fits the clinical picture of Geographic Tongue?

<p>Red patches with a yellowish border (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the yellowish white elevation seen in a Lingual Thyroid Nodule?

<p>It may turn to adenocarcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common feature aids in diagnosing Geographic Tongue?

<p>Desquamation of filliform papillae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a treatment method for a Lingual Thyroid Nodule if thyroid tissue is absent?

<p>Transplantation of thyroid tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensation is commonly associated with conditions like Geographic Tongue and Median Rhomboid Glossitis?

<p>Burning sensation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathogenesis of bilateral mixed clefts?

<p>Incomplete fusion between maxillary and medial nasal processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant consequence of cleft lip?

<p>Poor appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes congenital lip pits?

<p>Epithelial lined depressions in the vermillion border (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Melkerson-Rosenthal Syndrome is associated with which of the following symptoms?

<p>Facial paralysis (B), Fissured tongue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by multiple large intestine polyps and osteomas?

<p>Gardner Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the etiology of cleft palate is true?

<p>Both hereditary and environmental factors can contribute. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature is characteristic of a torus palatinus?

<p>A hereditary developmental hamartoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incomplete fusion between palatine processes can result in which of the following?

<p>Alveolar cleft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of conditions like aglossia?

<p>It can impact speech, swallowing, and mastication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a tongue with scalloped borders?

<p>Acquired Macroglossia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes congenital macroglossia from acquired macroglossia?

<p>Border smoothness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is defined by the partial or complete cleft of the tongue?

<p>Cleft Tongue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of acquired ankyloglossia?

<p>Trauma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with fissured tongue?

<p>Genetic mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from hypermobility of the frenum in the context of tongue conditions?

<p>Potential suffocation and death. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary tissues are found in the histopathology of certain bony lesions covered by thin mucosa?

<p>Cancellous bone with layers of compact bone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with hereditary etiology specifically?

<p>Macrognathia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology of Microstomia?

<p>Hereditary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT classified under congenital disturbances?

<p>Fissured Tongue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common factor contributes to Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip?

<p>Both hereditary and environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is specifically linked to acquired etiology?

<p>Median Rhomboid Glossitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aglossia is characterized by what primary condition?

<p>Absence of the tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with cretinism?

<p>Macroglossia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying issue typically leads to Fissured Tongue?

<p>Chronic trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily classified as a hereditary hamartoma?

<p>Torus Palatinus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition indicates an issue related to the migration process during development?

<p>Lingual Thyroid Nodule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Oblique Facial Cleft

A congenital developmental cleft that runs from the inner canthus of the eye to the ala of the nose or upper lip. It occurs due to incomplete fusion of the maxillary and lateral nasal processes.

Transverse Facial Cleft

A congenital developmental cleft that runs from the angle of the mouth to the tragus of the ear. It occurs due to incomplete fusion between the maxillary and mandibular processes.

Macrostomia

A congenital developmental condition characterized by an abnormally large mouth. It occurs due to premature arrest of fusion between the maxillary and mandibular processes.

Microstomia

A congenital developmental condition characterized by an abnormally small mouth. It occurs due to excessive fusion between the maxillary and mandibular processes.

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Agnathia

A rare, congenital developmental condition where the jaw is completely or partially absent. The jaw is born missing.

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Macrognathia

A condition characterized by a large jaw. It can be congenital, hereditary, or acquired.

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Micrognathia

A condition characterized by a small jaw.

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Cleft Lip

A congenital developmental condition characterized by a cleft in the upper lip. The cleft can be unilateral or bilateral, complete or incomplete.

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Aglossia

A congenital absence of the tongue, caused by the failure of the two lateral lingual swellings to develop.

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Macroglossia

An abnormally large tongue. It can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired).

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Ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie)

A developmental defect that limits tongue movement due to a short or attached lingual frenum.

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What are the consequences of Aglossia?

Congenital absence of the tongue, resulting in difficulties with speech, swallowing, and chewing.

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How to differentiate congenital and acquired macroglossia?

Congenital macroglossia is usually smooth-bordered, while acquired macroglossia often has scalloped borders due to compression from teeth.

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Cleft Tongue (Bifid Tongue)

A rare developmental condition, characterized by a complete or partial cleft in the tongue, resulting from incomplete fusion of the lateral lingual swellings.

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Fissured Tongue

Acquired grooves on the dorsal surface of the tongue, often symmetrical, caused by factors like chronic trauma, vitamin deficiency, smoking, stress, and syphilis.

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Hypermobility of the tongue

A rare condition characterized by an abnormally long frenum that causes hypermobility of the tongue, potentially leading to dangerous conditions like suffocation.

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Median Cleft Lip

A rare type of cleft lip caused by incomplete fusion of the medial nasal processes.

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Median Cleft Lower Lip

Incomplete fusion of the mandibular processes during embryonic development.

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Congenital Lip Pits

A developmental disturbance characterized by a blind, epithelial-lined depression on the vermilion border of the lip, most commonly the lower lip.

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Commissural Lip Pits

A rare type of congenital lip pit located at the corner of the mouth.

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Cheilitis Glandularis Apostematosa

An inflammatory condition affecting the minor salivary glands of the lower lip.

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Melkerson-Rosenthal Syndrome

A rare syndrome characterized by cheilitis granulomatosa, facial paralysis, and fissured tongue.

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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

A hereditary syndrome characterized by small intestinal polyps, abdominal pain, and melanin pigmentation spots on the lips and mucous membranes.

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What is a cleft lip?

A developmental disturbance characterized by a cleft in the upper lip. The cleft can occur on one or both sides, and it can be complete or incomplete.

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What is a cleft tongue?

A rare congenital developmental condition characterized by a cleft in the tongue. It's caused by incomplete fusion of the lateral lingual swellings during embryological development.

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What is macroglossia?

An abnormally large tongue. It can occur at birth or develop later in life.

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What is microglossia?

An abnormally small tongue. It's a rare congenital condition.

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What is ankyloglossia?

A developmental defect that limits tongue movement due to a short or attached lingual frenum. This is also known as tongue tie.

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What is aglossia?

A congenital absence of the tongue, caused by the failure of the two lateral lingual swellings to develop during embryological development.

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What is fissured tongue?

Acquired grooves on the dorsal surface of the tongue, often symmetrical. It can be caused by factors like chronic trauma, vitamin deficiency, smoking, stress, and syphilis.

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What is median rhomboid glossitis?

A fungal infection of the tongue that causes a smooth, red area on the tongue's surface.

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What is hairy tongue?

A condition characterized by an overgrowth of the tongue's papillae, making the tongue appear hairy. It can be caused by various factors like smoking, poor oral hygiene, and gastric upset.

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What is a congenital lip pit?

A congenital condition characterized by a blind, epithelial-lined depression on the vermilion border of the lip. It's most commonly found on the lower lip.

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Depapillated Tongue

A condition where the tongue's surface lacks the normal papillae, resulting in a smooth appearance. It can be caused by various factors like infections, medications, or nutritional deficiencies.

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Burning Sensation on the tongue

A burning sensation on the tongue, often triggered by salty or citric foods. It can occur as a symptom of various conditions, including geographic tongue, nutritional deficiencies, or irritation.

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Median Rhomboid Glossitis

A condition characterized by a raised, red, and depapillated area on the tongue's middle portion. It's often painless and benign, although it can sometimes be associated with Candida infection.

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Geographic Tongue

A condition marked by irregular patches of redness on the tongue, often surrounded by a white or yellowish border. The patches can change in size and location over time. It's usually harmless but can cause a burning sensation.

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Hairy Tongue

A condition where the filiform papillae on the tongue become elongated and overgrown, giving the tongue a hairy appearance. It can be caused by poor oral hygiene, smoking, or certain medications.

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Lingual Thyroid Nodule

A condition where thyroid tissue is present in the tongue instead of its usual location in the neck. It's typically a harmless anomaly but can sometimes become cancerous.

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Tongue Deppapillation

The process of removing the filiform papillae from the tongue.

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Oral Candidiasis

A condition where there is an abnormal amount of tiny, white bumps on the tongue, often caused by yeast infection. It's typically harmless but can sometimes be a symptom of underlying health issues.

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Study Notes

Congenital Disorders

  • Congenital disorders are conditions present at birth.
  • Hereditary conditions are passed down through genes.
  • Genetic conditions arise from problems in chromosomes.
  • Autosomal conditions involve non-sex chromosomes.
  • Sex-linked conditions involve X or Y chromosomes.
  • Acquired conditions develop after birth.
  • Teratogens are substances that cause birth defects.

Developmental Facial Disturbances

  • Oblique facial cleft runs from inner eye to nose/upper lip.
  • Pathogenesis involves incomplete fusion of maxillary and lateral nasal processes.
  • Transverse facial cleft runs from mouth angle to ear tragus.
  • May be unilateral or bilateral, Pathogenesis involves incomplete fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes.
  • Macrostomia is a large mouth.
  • Pathogenesis involves premature fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes.
  • Microstomia is a small mouth.
  • Pathogenesis involves excessive fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes.

Developmental Jaw Disturbances

  • Agnathia is the complete or partial absence of a jaw, and is rare.
  • Macrognathica refers to a large jaw; may be congenital or acquired.
  • Possible causes include Paget's disease or Acromegaly.
  • Micrognathica relates to a small jaw; may also congenital or acquired.
  • Possible causes include trauma, infection.

Developmental Lip Disturbances

  • Cleft lip is a congenital developmental disorder affecting the lip.
  • Etiology includes hereditary and environmental factors.
  • Upper lip clefts can be unilateral complete, unilateral incomplete (notch), bilateral complete, bilateral incomplete, or bilateral mixed, with varying degrees of severity.
  • Pathogenesis involves incomplete fusion of maxillary and medial nasal processes.
  • Median cleft is a rare type that involves incomplete fusion of medial nasal processes.
  • Lower lip may also exhibit a median cleft.
  • Pathogenesis involves incomplete fusion of mandibular processes.

Developmental Tongue Disturbances

  • Aglossia is the congenital absence of the tongue.
  • Pathogenesis involves the failure of development of two lateral lingual swellings.
  • Macroglossia is a condition involving an abnormally large tongue, which may be congenital or acquired.
  • Possible causes of congenital macroglossia include cretinism, mongolism, lymphangioma/hemangioma, or fibrous/muscular hypertrophy.
  • Acquired causes involve myxedema, acromegaly, tumors, or chronic infections.
  • Microglossia is a congenital condition of a small tongue, often associated with hypoplasia of the mandible.
  • Ankyloglossia (tongue tie) is a developmental defect that limits tongue movement.
  • Complete, partial and acquired ankyloglossia are types of this defect.
  • Cleft tongue is a congenital defect characterized by complete or partial clefting, arising from incomplete fusion between lateral lingual swellings.
  • Fissured tongue is an acquired condition with symmetrical or semi-symmetrical grooves on the tongue's dorsal surface.
  • Etiology includes chronic trauma, vitamin deficiency, smoking, syphilis, or stress.
  • Clinical presentation includes a depapillated appearance, burning sensation, and/or irregular fissures.

Palatine Cleft

  • Cleft palate may be pre-alveolar (cleft lip) , alveolar, or post-alveolar (cleft palate).
  • Etiology involves hereditary and environmental factors.
  • Post-alveolar cleft palate develops due to incomplete fusion of palatine processes.
  • Cleft palate may involve uvula, unilateral, or bilateral involvement.

Torus Palatinus

  • Torus palatinus is a congenital, hereditary developmental hamartoma.
  • The tissue is normal but excessive.
  • It's typically asymptomatic, lobulated, and covered with intact mucosa.
  • Histopathology reveals compact or cancellous bone, covered by a layer of compact bone.
  • Significance is the need for removal in edentulous patients.

Other Developmental Disorders

  • Additional disorders include geographic tongue (erythema migrans/migratory glossitis) characterized by desquamation of filiform papillae, and hairy tongue, characterized by excessive filiform papilla proliferation.
  • Median rhomboid glossitis is an inflammatory condition in the middle of the tongue, characterized by a depapillated tongue, redness, elevation, and a rhomboid or rounded shape.

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Developmental Disturbances PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various conditions related to oral and facial anomalies, including cleft lip, macrognathia, and glossitis. This quiz covers causes, characteristics, and treatments associated with these disorders, providing insight into their pathogenesis and clinical features.

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