Oral Conditions: Cleft and Fissured Tongue
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Oral Conditions: Cleft and Fissured Tongue

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by atrophy of half of the upper lip and tongue?

  • Albright Syndrome (correct)
  • Treacher Collins Syndrome
  • Pallister Hall Syndrome
  • Cohen Syndrome
  • What specific abnormality is commonly observed in Treacher Collins Syndrome?

  • High arched palate with frequent clefts
  • Convex facial profile (correct)
  • Deviation of jaws while opening the mouth
  • Absence of zygomatic bones (correct)
  • Which symptom is commonly associated with Cohen syndrome?

  • Deformed pinna
  • Coup de sabre (correct)
  • Facial clefts
  • Retrusive chin
  • Which condition is not linked to a chromosomal abnormality?

    <p>Craniomandibular dermatodysostosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common ocular feature found in 75% of patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome?

    <p>Coloboma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes complete cleft tongue?

    <p>Inadequate lateral lingual swellings merging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with partially cleft tongue?

    <p>Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of fissured tongue?

    <p>Increase in the thickness of lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is median rhomboid glossitis characterized by?

    <p>Erythematous patch of atrophic mucosa on the mid dorsal surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is biopsy rarely performed on fissured tongue?

    <p>The diagnosis is typically straightforward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a malformation?

    <p>An abnormal shape or structure due to localized errors in morphogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a deformation?

    <p>Torticollis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a hereditary developmental anomaly?

    <p>A defect transmitted genetically from parents to offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an anomaly defined in this context?

    <p>Any deviation from the normal without functional interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anomalad' refer to?

    <p>A malformation with subsequent structural changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cleft Tongue/Bifid Tongue

    • Occurs due to the lack of merging of lateral lingual swellings.
    • A complete cleft tongue is a rare condition where the tongue is split in two.
    • A partial cleft tongue is more common and is characterized by a deep groove in the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue.

    Fissured Tongue/Scrotal Tongue

    • Deep fissures may be seen in children or adults but increase with age.
    • Down syndrome and Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome are associated with fissured tongues.
    • Histologic examination shows an increase in the thickness of the lamina propria, loss of filiform papillae of the surface mucosa, hyperplasia of the rete pegs, neutrophilic micro abscesses within the epithelium, and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria.

    Median Rhomboid Glossitis

    • Central papillary atrophy of the tongue/posterior lingual papillary atrophy.
    • It is an asymptomatic elongated erythematous patch of atrophic mucosa on the mid-dorsal surface of the tongue.
    • Etiology is unknown but may be due to vascular or lymphatic absence, CNS disturbances, or chromosomal absence.

    Developmental Disturbances of Oral and Para Oral Structures

    • Malformation: A defect due to localized error in morphogenesis resulting in an abnormal shape or structure, with interference in function. e.g., cleft palate.
    • Deformation: An alteration in shape or structure of a previously normally formed part. e.g., torticollis.
    • Anomaly: Any deviation from normal. It is the same as malformation, but there is no interference with function. e.g., peg-shaped lateral incisors.
    • Anomalad: Malformation and subsequently derived structural changes. e.g., abnormal matrix structure & mineral deposition.

    Dentnogenesis Imperfecta

    • Type II: Both dentitions are affected. The tooth has a cheesy consistency.
    • Type III: Similar to type II, but with multiple pulp exposures, periapical radiolucencies, and variable radiographic appearance. Both dentitions are affected.
    • Histologic Features: Enamel and mantle dentin are normal. Dentin is composed of irregular tubules with large areas of uncalcified matrix. The widening of the pre-dentin layer. Remaining dentin is severely dysplastic and exhibits vast areas of inter-globular dentin. Dentinal tubules are short, disoriented, irregular, and widely spaced. Scanty odontoblasts line the pulp and can be seen in the defective dentin. The DEJ is smooth.

    Micrognathia (Mandibular Hypoplasia)

    • A condition where a child has a very small lower jaw.
    • Bird face appearance.
    • Two Types:
      • True Micrognathia:
        • Congenital: Present at birth.
        • Acquired: Develops after birth.
      • Pseudo Micrognathia: The apparent size of the mandible is affected, but the jaw itself is normal.

    Treacher Collins Syndrome (Mandibulo Facial Dysostosis)

    • Convex facial profile.
    • Mandibular and midface hypoplasia.
    • Underdeveloped or absence of zygomatic bones.
    • Downward inclination of palpebral fissures.
    • 75% of patients have coloboma (notch on the outer portion of the lower eyelid).
    • Occasional facial clefts.
    • Palate: High arched with 30% clefts.
    • Retrusive chin.
    • Deformed pinna.

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    Related Documents

    Developmental Anomalies PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers various oral conditions, specifically focusing on cleft tongue, fissured tongue, and median rhomboid glossitis. It explores their characteristics, associations, and histological features. Test your knowledge about these unique tongue conditions and their implications!

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