Questions and Answers
Which histological technique involves preserving the tissue structure immediately after extraction?
What is the primary role of haematoxylin in histological staining?
Which tissue in the oral cavity is classified as hard tissue?
What is the significance of recognizing changes in oral tissues during disease?
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Which of the following processes is NOT part of preparing tissue for histological study?
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What is primarily evaluated when examining the extracellular matrix in tissues?
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Which soft tissue structure in the oral cavity serves as the supportive tissue around teeth?
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Which characteristic of a histological sample is often analyzed in relation to disease?
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What is a common result of poor fixation in histological preparation?
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Which method is used to assess the presence of collagen in a histological sample?
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What is the primary component of the extracellular matrix found in dental pulp?
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What distinguishes a ground section from a decalcified section in histological preparation?
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Which type of bone is characterized by a dense, structured arrangement known as the Haversian system?
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Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the masticatory mucosa of the oral cavity?
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Which cells in the periodontal ligament are responsible for creating new bone?
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What type of salivary gland is primarily serous in nature and located near the ear?
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Which type of lingual papillae is primarily mechanical and contains no taste buds?
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What type of cells are responsible for the immune response within the dental pulp?
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How are the collagen fibres aligned in the periodontal ligament?
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What is the role of Osteoclasts in the bone surrounding the teeth?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Identify oral tissues and cell types through histological images.
- Understand the relationship between structure and function of oral tissues.
- Recognize changes that occur in oral diseases.
- Revise key oral tissues, their development, and functions.
Histology Overview
- Histology is the microscopic study of tissues.
- Fresh tissue degrades quickly due to enzymatic activity.
- Essential processing steps for histology:
- Fixation (e.g., formalin)
- Wax embedding
- Sectioning
- Staining
- Microscopy
Stains and Observation
- Common stains: Haematoxylin (for nuclei) and Eosin (for proteins).
- Specialist stains highlight particular components (e.g., collagen).
- Importance of orientation and plane of section in histology.
- Magnification affects color, intensity, and pattern visibility.
- Tissue appearance reflects structure, function, and health status.
Oral Cavity Tissues
- Hard Tissues:
- Enamel
- Dentin
- Cementum
- Bone
- Temporomandibular joint
- Soft Tissues:
- Pulp
- Gingiva
- Periodontal ligament
- Oral mucosa
- Salivary glands
- Tissues from other body regions, such as blood vessels and nerves, are also present.
Tooth Development
- Dental development is a complex, highly regulated process involving multiple specialized cell types.
- Different stages can be identified using histology.
Teeth Processing
- Enamel, dentin, and bone are mineralized; standard processing techniques are not applicable.
- Two main techniques:
- Ground section: tissue is sawn and polished for microscopic viewing.
- Decalcification: acid treatment to remove minerals for standard processing.
Dental Pulp Composition
- Loose connective tissue with:
- Capillaries and nerves.
- Extracellular matrix rich in collagen I and II, proteoglycans.
- Key cell types: fibroblasts, odontoblasts, stem cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages.
Periodontal Ligament Functions
- Connective tissue attaching teeth to alveolar bone.
- Consists of collagen fibers and includes:
- Principle and Sharpey’s fibers.
- Cell types include fibroblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and macrophages.
Gingiva and Bone Types
- Gingiva: protective soft tissue around teeth.
- Bone Types:
- Compact/cortical bone with Haversian systems.
- Trabecular/spongy bone with loose bony networks.
- Woven bone, which is immature.
Oral Mucosa Structure
- Comprised of stratified squamous epithelium.
- Types include:
- Lining mucosa (buccal, labial).
- Masticatory mucosa (hard palate, attached gingiva, dorsum of the tongue).
- Specialist mucosa containing taste buds.
Specialist Mucosa Details
- Lingual papillae on the tongue:
- Filliform: keratinized structure for mechanical role.
- Fungiform: contain taste buds, located on the lateral borders.
- Circumvallate: numerous taste buds present, associated with Von Ebner's serous glands.
Salivary Glands Overview
- Major glands: parotid, sublingual, submandibular, and minor glands.
- Mucous acini stain weakly due to tissue processing differences.
Oral Disease Implications
- Histopathology indicates structural changes due to oral diseases.
- Important for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.
- Histological patterns facilitate understanding of disease states.
Summary Points
- Cells and extracellular matrix structures are visible in histological preparations.
- Tissue patterns correlate with cell types and function.
- Structural integrity is essential for healthy function and is altered in disease states.
- Histological images are valuable resources for examinations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on oral tissues and cell types through histological images. This quiz will help you understand the relationship between structure and function in oral histology, and recognize changes due to oral diseases. Revise key concepts related to the development and function of oral tissues.
